Highland+Park+PY+Aff

Highland Park PY – Affirmative – ARV’s – At-Large Team

The US continues to defend a policy that bans the most cost-effective ARV medications from Africa. These medications are safe, help minimize resitance, and deliver the best offense against the spread of AIDS worldwide. The US should change it's policy. Dr. Cohen and Schiff 2004 [Chicago Sun Times, May 5, 2004, pg. 63] “Poor people dying from … least expensive medications”

Excluding sub-Saharan African peoples from generic ARVs is a form of state sponsored violence maintained in the interest of protecting big pharmaceutical companies. Gandy 2005 [“Deadly alliances: Death, Disease, and the Global politics of public health”] “In order to understand … drugs in the US).”

Bush’s policy destroys effective ARV distribution – shifting standards would vastly increase effectiveness internationally. Lobe 2004 [ “Bush’s AIDS relief plan will delay drugs, reward big pharma” ] “Africa and AIDS activists say … for the FSC market”

Thus Collin and I stand firmly resolved: The United States federal government should unconditionally increase its distribution of generic antiretroviral drugs to the African countries south of the 18 degree north parallel. We'll clarify. Today’s Groupings And Artificial Categories Of At Risk Groups To HIV Include Africa, Which Is Represented As A Distant Continent That Has Nothing To Do With Us. The Unspeakable HIV Crisis Is Based On A Fundamental Fear And Stigmatization Of Those With HIV. Shapiro, 2002 Drawing Lines In The Sand: The Boundaries Of HIV Pandemic In Perspective, p. 2189-2191 “now that heterosexual…for fear of rejection or abandonment”

The Current Representations Of HIV In Africa Represent It As A Plague Or Invasion From An Alien Other. These Representations Amount To A Denial Of Unconditional Hospitality And Ethics. Worth, 2006 Unconditional Hospitality: HIV, Ethics And The Refugee ‘Problem’, p. 223-232 “the ‘threat’…this is what unconditional hospitality is based on”

Failure To Acknowledge The Vulnerability Of All Humans Leads To A Fantasy Of Mastery And Control That Fuels The Instruments Of War By Making Some Lives Grievable And Worthy Of Mourning While Others Are Not. Butler, 2004 Precarious Life: The Powers Of Mourning And Violence, p. 28-31 “mourning, fear, anxiety, rage…for the most part unmakable and ungrievable”

There Is A Hierarchy Of Grief And Mourning That Places Africans With HIV At The Bottom. Those At The Bottom Are Ungrievable And Unmournable! The Impact Is A Discursive Dehumanization That Leads To Violence And Denies The Value Of The Lives We Don’t Grieve Or Mourn For. Butler, 2004 Precarious Life: The Powers Of Mourning And Violence, p. 32-35 “a hierarchy of grief could…that qualifies for recognition”

Politics Is The Decision Or Invention In The Name Of The Other That Is Not Reducible To Some Sort Of Moral Calculus. Our Ethics Are Defined As The Infinite Responsibility Of Unconditional Hospitality. This Infinite Ethical Demand Is A Response To The Singular Demand Of The Other, Yet Is Never Reducible To The Singular Context Because Of Its Infinity. Critchley, 2003 Political Theory, 32:3 “the absence of a plausible deduction from ethics to politics…and calls for political invention, for creation”

The Impact To A Framework Where Moral Criteria And Justifications Are The Determination Of our Ethics Is The Devaluation Of All Life To The Zero Point, Where Holocaust Is Possible. The Alternative To Calculability Is Infinite Responsibility For Otherness. Dillon, 1999 Political Theory, 27:2 “economies of evaluation…is attended by a responsibility that can similarly never be discharged”

Racism And Genocide Are Not Aberrations Performed By Perverse People – Nor Are They Predestined. The Kill To Save Mentality And The Attribution Of Threatening Qualities To The Strange And Foreign Enemy Stem From The Failure To Recognize Our Vulnerability In The Face Of The Other And The Devaluation Of Difference. Burrgrave, 2005 Human Rights Review, 6:2 “according to levinas…which is precisely the kernel of our conatus essendi”

The Ethics Framework Must Come First. The Basis For Obligation To The Other Shouldn’t Come From Knowledge, Even Knowledge Of The Instrumental Consequences Of One’s Actions. Knowledge As The Foundation Of Our Relation To Others Will Inevitably Obliterate The Other By Reducing It To An Agent Of Sameness. Gottlieb, 1994 Ethics And Trauma, http://www.crosscurrents.org/feministecology.htm “levinas seeks to overcome…coexist with an agent of sameness”

Freedom Is Constituted By Our Obligation To The Other. This Freedom Allows Radical Novelty, An Opportunity To Begin Anew, To Have Another Chance, Not The Continuation Of The Same. Rosenthal, 2003 A Time For Being Ethical, The Journal Of Speculative Philosophy “this position gives a new meaning…I have another chance”

The State Is Inevitable – Our Only Option Is To Make It As Ethical As Possible. Rather Than Placing Limits To The Extension Of Our Hospitality, The Law Must Make Unconditional Hospitality To The Other Concrete. Our Affirmation Is Constantly Trying to Move The State Closer To The Side Of Justice, And As Such, Is Always A Democracy To Come. Simmons, 2002 Toward A Postmodern Anti-Foundational Foundation For Human Rights, p. 13-15 “unconditional hospitality implies…and anti-foundationalism and justice”

Justice Is Not Calculable Because It’s Always Searching For An Even Better Justice – It Is A Project With No End. When The State Claims To Achieve Justice It Risks Becoming Totalitarian. Burrgrave, 2005 Human Rights Review, 6:2 “in this regard…dominated by a political apparatus”

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no consistent link-turns on politix. we might pull a card or two that says "increases pol cap/decreases pol cap" whatever. nothing unique, and no particular cards.