Groves+BG+-+Sophia+Goren+&+Maya+Bhardwaj+neg

Negative Round 1 vs. Westminster
SKFTA Good Military Readiness CP to solve UN Corruption

Groves BG – Negative

LOST:

BUSH’S POLITICAL CAPITAL IS KEY TO PASSAGE OF LOST. KRAUS 7. [DON, VP FOR GOV’T RELATIONS OF CITIZENS FOR GLOBAL SOLUTIONS, “TIME TO RATIFY THE LAW OF THE SEA” FPIF, http://www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/4286 JUNE 6] Although the current… the 67 needed for accession.

CONSERVATIVE SUPPORT IS CRUCIAL TO THE PASSAGE OF LOST – GOP UNITY IS KEY. KINKAID 10-25 [CLIFF, Editor of Accuracy in Media American Daily http://www.americandaily.com/article/20708] Since a treaty requires 67… media as a foreign policy expert.

LOST IS KEY TO PROTECT THE OCEAN ECOSYSTEM. Bauerlein 95 (Patricia, J.D. candidate Loyola Law School, 17 Loy. L.A. Int'l & Comp. L.J. 899) The health of the planet… with other nation-states.

The protection of marine biodiversity is necessary to avert planetary disaster Norse 93 (Elliott, Ed. Global Marine Biological Diversity, Chief Scientist – Center for Marine Conservation, p. xvii-xix) As the 20th century ends… follow a different path to the same fate.

RATIFICATION OF LOST IS CRUCIAL TO NAVAL MOBILITY AND POWER PROJECTION – PREFER OUR EVIDENCE BECAUSE IT COMES FROM A NAVAL EXPERT. Clark 7. [Vernon, Former Chief of Naval Operations U.S. Navy, Congressional Quarterly 10-4 lexis] The Law of the Sea Convention supports our ability to operate… today, and realize our vision for the future.

POWER PROJECTION IS KEY HEG AND PREVENTION OF WMD EXCHANGE Daniel Goure, defense analyst @ Lexington Institute, 8/2003 (A Key to US Naval Power in the 21st Century. www.lexingtoninstitute.org/docs/602.pdf

These new threats pose new challenges… does not employ any WMD.

GLOBAL NUCLEAR EXCHANGE Khalizad, 1995

LOST KEY TO SOLVE SOFT POWER Eagleburger and Moore 7. [Lawrence, Former Sec of State, John, Dir. of the Center for Oceans Law & Policy @ UVA, US Ambassador for the LOS Convention, Reagan appointee to the NOAA, Washington Post 7-30 lexis] Today the convention is in force for 154 nations,… sends a signal of American isolationism.

LOST IS KEY TO SET UP MARITIME JURSIDICTION FRAMEWORK WHICH IS CRUCIAL TO A PEACEFUL RESOLUTION OF THE SPRATLYS ISLAND DISPUTE. Contemporary South-East Asia, 01. [ August 1st, 2001]

Developments in the global complex of rules that… mutual social obligations of the South China Sea states

SPRATLYS CONFLICT GOES NUCLEAR. Nikkei Weekly, 95. [Japan, July 3rd, 1995]

Mahathir sees Asia developing in three possible… full-scale, even nuclear, war.

WHO:

Text: The World Health Organization should…

WHO ACTION CATALYZES INTERNATIONAL HEALTH COOPERATION ON ISSUES OF PUBLIC HEALTH – ITS AGENDA SETTING CAPABILITIES MAKE IT THE BEST AGENT FOR ACTION. Taylor 4 (Allyn L., University of Maryland School of Law, Governing the Globalization of Public Health, Published in the Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, v. 32, no. 3, Fall 2004, [|http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/fac_pubs/58/)]

WHO can catalyze more effective and… coordi¬nated and rational development of the legal regime.

China Oil: China’s aid functions as leverage to secure African influence over the West Joshua Kurlantzik fellow at the USC School of Public Diplomacy and the Pacific Council on International Policy, “Into Africa,” Boston Globe 6/3/07 http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2007/06/03/into_africa?mode=PF China's aid programs have been critical… Huning of the Central Committee's Policy Research Office.

China relies on U.S. aid absence to broker deals with the Sub-Saharan Phillip C. Saunders Senior Research Fellow in the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University “China’s Global Activism: Strategy, Drivers, and Tools” 2006 China’s increased global activism and influence poses… would otherwise be consid- ered low priorities.

Specifically this leverage secures Chinese oil imports Drew Thompson researcher at the Freeman Chair in China Studies, Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, DC “Economic growth and soft power: China's Africa strategy 2005 http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/2438.html China's rapidly growing demand for imported… with less competition from multinational firms.

Africa is vital to Chinese energy security Malaquias, Associate professor of government St. Lawrence University, 9/22/2006 [Assis, “Thirsty Powers: The United States, China, and Africa’s Energy Resources” http://www.ipri.pt/eventos/pdf/FLAD05_AMalaquias.pdf Thus far, the US has been able to maintain a dominant… thus achieve greater energy security.

Oil insecurity spurs Chinese lash out in the South China Sea Ronald Soligio, and Amy Jaffe, February 11, 2004, Prof. of Economics at Rice and Senior Energy Analyst at James Baker III Inst. For Public Policy, “China and Long-range Asia Energy Security: An Analysis of the Political, Economic and Technological Factors Shaping Asian Energy Markets”, http://www.rice.edu/energy/publications/docs/AsianEnergySecurity_ChinaGrowingEnergyDependence.pdf

China’s rising oil import requirements and the… rivalry could emerge during a time of crisis Chinese aggression in the South China Sea sparks a war Cossa, Executive Director of the Pacific Forum of the CSIS, 19 98 (Ralph, "Security Implications of Conflict in the South China Sea: Exploring Potential Triggers of Conflict," [|http://www.southchinasea.org/docs/Cossa,%20Security%20Implications%20of%20%20Conflict%20in%20the%20S.ChinaSea.pdf)]

Implications for Sino-U.S. Relations… to a "one China" policy. Extinction Toshimaru Ogura and Ingyu Oh Teachers – Economics, Monthly Review, April 1997 North Korea, South Korea, and Japan have.. into a global conflagration.

China Soft Power: Africa is a litmus test for Chinese soft power Bates Gill and James Reilly 2007 (Freeman Chair in China Studies at CSIS, East Asia representative for the American Friends Service Committee, “The Tenuous Hold of China Inc. in Africa,” Washington Quarterly, Summer, ln) Taking such steps would have broader… diverges with their substantial interests on the continent

Chinese ability to negotiate resources imports are critical to its peaceful rise Shi Yinhong professor of international relations at Renmin University of China. “China’s peaceful rise is all about soft power” China Daily 06-14-07 China is seeking to become a sustainable… foreign trade and diplomatic power.

Strong Sino-African relations are key to China’s soft power Bates Gill and James Reilly 2007 (Freeman Chair in China Studies at CSIS, East Asia representative for the American Friends Service Committee, “The Tenuous Hold of China Inc. in Africa,” Washington Quarterly, Summer, ln) Contrary to conventional but typically superficial… valued part of that transformation

Only alternative to peaceful rise is military lashouts International Herald Tribune 12/30/03 (Yoichi Funabashi, columnist and chief diplomatic correspondent for the Japanese newspaper Asahi Shimbun, [|http://www.iht.com/bin/print_ipub.php?file=/articles/2003/12/30/edyoichi_ed3_.php)] There was a time when Chinese leaders… North Korean nuclear and missile problem.

Chinese Soft Power is key to stop war over North Korea Melinda Liu. Feb. 8 2007. (Newsweek. “Can China Play Hardball Diplomacy?” http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17051760/site/newsweek/print/1/displaymode/1098/ Feb. 8, 2007 - Once again Beijing is swarming… stage of disarmament could play out.

Extinction Africa News 99

Reps K:

The American relationship to Africa is defined by images, saturated by representations of conflict, disease, and the permanent affliction of catastrophe and chaos. Policymakers can’t help but solidify the dehumanizing frame for intervention that these images demand. Wallace 5 – PhD Student of Anthropology, Oxford [JAMIE, “AMERICAN PERCEPTIONS OF AFRICA BASED ON MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS”, http://www.hollerafrica.com/showArticle.php?artId=101&catId=1]

When we think of Africa, images… political power distribution in the world

The attachment to images of African catastrophe castigates Africans to a permanent global underclass. Defined as harbingers of their ever-present demise, Africans become the objects of a genocidal process of dehumanization that’s grounded history’s most extreme atrocities. Sankore 5 – Editor, International Federation of Journalists, Africa and Coordinator, Freedom of Expression and Associated Rights in Africa [ROTIMI, “The Pitfalls and Consequences of Development 'Pornography'”, http://www.bond.org.uk/networker/2005/april05/opinion.htm]

Increasingly graphic depictions of poverty… people to freely define their future.

Our alternative is to short-circuit this cycle of pessimistic disaster imaging of Africa – telling a new story of Africa, severed form the model of prejudicial portrayal, is crucial to disconnect American policymaking from the mechanisms of colonialism. Mezzana 5 [Sociologist and Researcher, CERFE Group African Research, Danielle, “A CANCEROUS IMAGE”, http://www.africansocieties.org/n4/eng/Dossier.htm]

The literature reported in this field has revealed barriers… information on the African reality. Spending:

Bush has established a perception of fiscal restraint Novak 7 (Robert, Chicago Sun Times, 6-18) Addressing a republican…in the months ahead

Foreign assistance would crush fiscal discipline Rice 6 (“Africa’s Strategic Importance to the US”) Discerning and disaggregating…simply be pouring money down a rat hole

This degree of spending will shock the economy Patrice Hill, Washington Times, 4-23-2007 (“Expiring tax cuts may shock economy” http://www.americasnewspaper.com/ME2/dirmod.asp?sid=&nm=&type=Publishing&mod=Publications%3A%3AArticle&mid=8F3A7 027421841978F18BE895F87F791&tier=4&id=881D890EE9504E7295ADC278CCAB1B8D)

Congress will have to steer carefully…for the economy, he said

US econ is key to world econ Fund Strategy 6 The emphasis on consumption…locomotive to growth

Nuclear War Beardon 00