Woodward+MN+-+Brittany+Nehmen+&+Evan+Matthews+neg

TOC Round 1: medicare politics, veto override

Woodward MN – Negative

Patent reform politics DA-Read at NU RR by juniors

Patent Reform coming to a vote soon and passage is likely because of compromise on key provisions Politico 4/7/08 "Patent reform contest heads to Senate floor," The contentious patent reform debate is heading

Bush's Capital is key to compromise Wild 2-21-08 "Patent Reform act goes down to the wire" I have just been speaking to someone who is pretty close

Failure to change the Patent Reform bill will crush the economy Leckerone 2-28-08 "Proposed patent law will cripple US innovation" [|http://origin.mercurynews.com /opinion/ci_8389671] Here's the greatest irony of American capitalism

WHO CP

THE COUNTERPLAN SPARKS INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION WITH KEY ACTORS THAT’S CRUCIAL TO SOLVE THE CASE. Taylor, Professor of Law at U of Maryland, 2004 (Allyn, MEDICINE AND ETHICS, Vol. 32, No. 3, “Governing the Globalization of Public Health”, [|http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1059&context=fac_pubs)] WHO can catalyze more effective and…to promote more coordinated and rational development of the legal regime. THE WHO IS THE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND EXPERTISE FOR DISEASE PREVENTION—IT WORKS IN REAL TIME AND COORDINATES SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS WORLDWIDE. Khardori, Professor in the Department of Internal Medicine at Southern Illinois, 2006 (Nancy, INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA, Vol. 20, Issue 2 “Bioterrorism and Bioterrorism Preparedness: Historical Perspective and Overview”) With the level and state of global interconnectedness…remains a challenge for the WHO.

CHINA DA

A. Africa is a litmus test for China's global power – its perceived imperialism is causing backlash in Africa. It must shift towards programs designed for the mutual benefit of Africa to solidify its soft power and global leadership Kurlantzick 2007 – Visiting Scholar in Carnegie Endowment's China Program [Joshua Kurlantzick, "Into Africa - As China becomes a major influence in Africa, it faces mounting resistance and a profound dilemma: How does a nation devoted to nonintervention become a global power?," June 3, Lexis] "EMBARKING UPON A 12-day tour of Africa . . . repeated across the African continent and, potentially, the world. China is competing with the U.S. over influence in Africa—the counterplan boosts China's ability to win African partnerships and Chinese soft power Gill, et al, 06 (Bates, Center for Strategic and International Studies, "China's Expanding Role in Africa Implications for the United States", 12/1, Report of the CSIS Delegation to China on China-Africa-U.S. Relations, http://www.csis.org/media/csis /pubs/chinainafrica.pdf) "China, in its quest for. . . for a future strategic partnership." C. Chinese soft power is critical to preventing a Taiwanese push for independence Gill and Huang 2006 (Bates holds the CSIS Freeman Chair in China, Yanzhong is an assistant professor at the John Whitehead School of Diplomacy and International Relations, Survival, "Sources and limits of Chinese 'soft power'," Volume 48 Issue 2 June, pg 17-36, http://www.informaworld.com /smpp/section?content=a74798500 0&fulltext=713240928 ) "A most intriguing example of China's soft power. . . more than $100bn on the mainland." D. Taiwanese push for independence will escalate into a global nuclear holocaust Hsiung 01 – Professor of Politics and International Law at NYU [James, 21st Century World Order and the Asia Pacific, p. 359-360] "Admittedly, it is harmless for an analyst like Lind to be so oblivious. . . peace in the Asia Pacific region."

CHINA CP China has strong relations with Africa and can increase public health and infrastructure assistance Gill and Reilly, 07 (Bates, Freeman Chair in China Studies at CSIS, and James, East Asia representative for the American Friends Service Committee, The Washington Quarterly, Summer, "The Tenuous Hold of China Inc. in Africa," __http__://www.twq.com/07summer/docs /07summer_gill_reilly.pdf ) "China 's expanding engagement . . . interests and deserves far more nuanced and in-depth analysis.1" The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation provides a framework to provide any kind of assistance to Africa Business Day, 04 (Focus is on Aid and Support for Africa, - 12/30, http://www.chinese-embassy.org .za/eng/znjl/t177585.htm) " The Forum on China-Africa Co-operation (FOCAC) - launched . . . including a proposed "China-Africa Youth Festival" to be held in China in 2004.  "

Law of the Sea DA

LOST is on the Agenda, and it’s likely to pass despite conservative opposition, but Bush’s support is key World Magazine 1/26 “LOST Cause” http://www.worldmag.com/articles/13691 If President Bush and the Senate Bush pushing LOST—capital key to passage NOAA News, 2/11, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association, www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2008/20080211_arctic.html Coastal nations have sovereign,,, administration supports approval of the convention. LOST assures maritime access and mobility --- key to U.S. economy Negroponte and England ‘07 (John, Deputy Sec. State and Gordon, Deputy Sec. Defense, “Reap the Bounty”, Washington Times, 6-13) From the earliest days of its history, the United…extend out to 600 nautical miles. Global nuclear war Mead ‘92

European Influence DA Current European perceptions don't see AFRICOM as threatening to regional interests Daniel Korski, 12/19/07, Senior Fellow – European Council on Foreign Relations, EU Observer, l/n In sum, AFRICOM may represent...driving the quality of assistance down.

The AFF's attempt to win the hearts and minds of Africa undermines European influence souring relations James J. Hentz, 2004, Associate Professor of International Studies – Virginia Military Institute, "Regional Policies for the Post-9/11 World" in The Obligation of Empire p. 94 Neo-isolationists, and their extended Jeffersonian family...the Iraq War has exacerbated these tensions.

That creates an incentive for increased European Defense Parag Khana, 1.27.08, Senior Research Fellow – American Strategy Program – New American Foundation, New York Times, l/n In Europe's capital, Brussels, technocrats...the region's answer to America's Apec.

The Impact is violation of International Law Cazeau 2002 (Jeff P. H.; J.D. Miami 2002) Fall 10 U. Miami Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 51 l/n Unfortunately, all indications are that ESDP...international law and the U.N. Charter.

International Law key to prevent nuclear war and environmental and economic collapse Mullerson 1989 (Rein A.; Head, Department of International Law, Institute of State and Law of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR) July 83 A.J.I.L. 494 l/n In spite of different class approaches...self-interest of certain influential groups.

Transatlantic relations are key to counterterrorism, global stability, and disease spread Moravsick 2003 (Andrew; Professor – Government and Director – European Union Program at Harvard) "Striking a New Transatlantic Bargain" Foreign Affairs July/August l/n The transatlantic partnership remains...like the UN, the EU, or NATO.

US/EU relations key to solve all the AFF Blinken 2001 (Anthony J.; Senior Fellow – CSIS) "The False Crisis Over the Atlantic" Foreign Affairs May/June l/n Americans come to this view from the lessons...Cooperation in Europe, and of course, the EU.

Relations are key to preventing domestic Isolation – we control the internal link to entire case Philip Gordon and Jeremy Shapiro, Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution and Director of Research and Fellow in Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, Allies at War: America, Europe, and the Crisis over Iraq, 2004, p. 221 We strongly disagree...U.S. military power could overcome.

No Offense – US/EU relations prevent global conflict Asmus 2003 (Ronald D.; Senior Fellow – Council on Foreign Relations) "Rebuilding the Atlantic Alliance" Foreign Affairs Sept/Oct Meeting in Washington in the spring of 1999...world will be much the better for it.

ESDP spurs quick US pullout of NATO Cazeau 2002 (Jeff P. H.; J.D. Miami 2002) Fall 10 U. Miami Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 51 l/n The basic premise that Europe must contribute...as a pretext for abusive intervention.

The Impact is Nuclear War Farndale 90, 20 Year Veteran of the UK Army and former Commander in Chief [General Sir Martin, Graduate of the Royal Military Academy, "Could NATO Cope Without US Forces," Europe After American Withdrawal, ed. Sharp, pg. 448-449] Although it is conceivable that in the very...done on an all-NATO European basis.

ESDP will duplicate and undermine NATO Cazeau 2002 (Jeff P. H.; J.D. Miami 2002) Fall 10 U. Miami Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 51 l/n With the demise of the Soviet Union and the end of the Warsaw Pact...international law and the U.N. Charter.

Plan undermines relations with Europe Dr. Ernest J. Wilson III, 7/28/05, Senior Research Fellow, Center For International Development And Conflict Management University of Maryland, CQ Congressional Testimony, l/n Mr. Chairman and Members of the Sub-Committee...approach to China's influence in Africa.

US AND EU ON THE SAME POWER LEVEL--INFLUENCE IN THE THIRD WORLD IS ZERO-SUM

Pierson, 9/5/07 In The Second World: Empires and Influence...the foundation of shared norms which is rapidly eroding

AFRICA IS THE KEY DETERMINANT

Ali 7/8/07 "EU, China, Africa: The Sudanese Experience" [|http://www.sudantribune.com /spip.php?article22783]

In the Sudan Tribune of 29th. June 2007, it was mentioned...still keeping the influence of its Communist Party.

Transatlantic alliance strained to breaking point Charles Kupchan, Professor of International Affairs at Georgetown University and Senior Fellow and Director of European Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, Survival, Winter, 2004-2005, p. Mirlyn Indeed, the geopolitical consequences ...rebuilding a strong Atlantic community

US-European disagreements spill over and negatively affect cooperation on other issues Richard Haas, President of The Council on Foreign Relations, Former Vice president and director of foreign policy studies at the Brookings Institution, and Former professor of international studies at Hamilton College, Transatlantic Tensions: The United States, Europe, and Problem Countries, 1999, p. 3-4 Yet the reduced threat to European security ...Trade Organization to regulate international trade.

France DA

France (links are the same as the EU just underlined differently to highlight france):

A French boost in troops for Afghanistan is coming because of good relations with the U.S. Gulf News 3/7/08 l/n French President Nicolas Sarkozy will attend the next Nato summit...being pointed out as a weak ally by the White House.

U.S.-French relations are key to prevent a French pullout in Afghanistan New York Sun 5/17/07 "Sarkozy Accedes" l/n At the moment French troops are bogged down...former socialist foreign minister, Hubert Vedrine.

French troop commitments key to overall NATO presence in Afghanistan Captain's Quarters 2/14/08 "France to the Rescue?" l/n As early as Thursday, Sarkozy's top brass...Germany and others to consider a shift as well.

The impact is full blown civil war that will draw in regional powers, lead to a Pakistani coup, and fuel global terrorism International Herald Tribune 12/1/06 l/n The abysmal failure of NATO countries...NATO countries are failing the world.

The Impact is global nuclear war S. Frederick Starr 2001 (Chairman Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University; Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on Central Asia and the Southern Caucasus, 13 December 2001; [|http://www.cacianalyst.org/Publications/Starr_Testimony.htm)] However, this does not mean that US actions...world peace that the U.S. cannot ignore.