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Highland Park GO – Affirmative – Nietzsche/Carnivals of Atrocity Contention One: Inherency

Initially note the massive lack of AZT, also know as Zidovudine, being sent to Sub-Saharan Africa. An increase by the United States is crucial to being able to make up for the shortage. Red Orbit 11/9/05(“Worldwide Shortage of Glaxo's AIDS Drug, AZT, Alarms Patients, Advocates, Says AHF”, PRNewswire, http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/301003/worldwide_shortage_of_glaxos_aids_drug_azt_alarms_patients_advocates/__)

"We are greatly alarmed about this shortage of GSK's life-saving AIDS drug, AZT… Africa and other resource-poor countries worldwide.

AZT is a major cause of anemia which can make it hard to live a normal life, if not life threatening Anemia Institute for research and education, 2002 (“Why Am I So Tired All the Time?” http://www.anemiainstitute.org/patient/anemia_and_hiv/azt_antiretroviral_treatments)

Antiretroviral medications often cause fatigue or tiredness. But if you are always tired,… energy and make it hard to live a normal life.

Zidovudine is linked to increase mutation at Codon 215 Rubio et al. ‘97 Rubio, A.; Leal, M.*; Pineda, J. A.*; Caruz, A.; Luque, F.; Rey, C.; Sanchez-Quijano, A.*; Lissen, E.* Viral Hepatitis and AIDS Groups, Department of Biochemistry, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Avda Manuel Siurot s/n, Seville 41013, Spain (Rubio) (Caruz) (Luque) (Rey) *Viral Hepatitis and AIDS Groups, Department of Medicine, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Avda Manuel Siurot s/n, Seville 41013, Spain, March 11, 2007 (“Increase in the frequency of mutation at codon 215 associated with zidovudine resistance in HIV-1-infected antiviral-naive patients from 1989 to 1996,” http://www.aidsonline.com/pt/re/aids/fulltext.00002030-199709000-00016.htm;jsessionid=G6CNSncKsh5dw3bGX6bhVdk18JLpqhRwG1rnNt14FlT22qLwQkLh!-2030958118!181195628!8091!-1)

After a period of time under treatment with zidovudine (ZDV), resultant strains of HIV… antiretroviral-naive patients in our area. Thus, we present the following plan: The United States federal government should, through the legislative branch, increase the amount of AZT being sent to sub-Saharan Africa.

We’ll clarify plan intent.

Contention Two: Carnivals of Atrocity

The silence has gone on too long – political theorists and philosophers alike have skirted the issue of cruelty and the role it plays in our existence. Our affirmative is a new exposition of cruelty and violence to refocus our minds on the utility of cruelty. Miller, 90 – Visiting Assistant Professor of Political Science at Brown University – 1990(James, “Carnivals of Atrocity Foucault, Nietzsche, Cruelty”, Political Theory, Vol. 18, No.3, August, 470-491, JSTOR)

What, for example, are we to make of Foucault's apparent… The first challenge is to sketch an interpretation that renders explicit what Foucault has left largely implicit.

Our act of intentional murder is a necessary and enjoyable part of the affirmation of our existence. Cruelty is something we’ll desire whatever we do, it is a question of whether or not we wish to express that desire or internalize it. Doing the latter causes us to constantly desire to be cruel and eventually we declare war on ourselves. Miller, 90 – Visiting Assistant Professor of Political Science at Brown University – 1990(James, “Carnivals of Atrocity Foucault, Nietzsche, Cruelty”, Political Theory, Vol. 18, No.3, August, 470-491, JSTOR)

Now, Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals expresses the same disquieting… triumph of asceticism in Christianity.'

Pain and Suffering are inherent conditions of life. Not arguments against our affirmation of it. Appeals to end suffering only lead to internalization of this suffering. Deleuze, 83 – French Philosopher – 1983(Gilles, “Nietzsche and Philosophy”, Page 129-130)

In order to understand the nature of this invention we must asses… who invents and will the internal meaning of pain?

This internalization of cruelty creates hatred for our current existence. This hatred of suffering dwarfs humanity to the point where our very destruction becomes desirable Nietzsche, 86 – German Philosopher – 1886(Friedrich, “Beyond Good and Evil”, Page 342)

225. Whether it be hedonism, pessimism, utilitarianism… all the elevations of humanity hitherto?

To affirm chance and the tragic in life is to learn to see the best in the worst of what is. This is liberation of the free intellect from the joyless concept of life in the status quo. Deleuze. 83 – French Philosopher – 1983(Gilles, “Nietzsche and Philosophy”, Page 17-18)

Dionysus affirms all that appears, “even the most bitter suffering… tragedies” (VP IV 50). Tragedy — frank, dynamic, gaiety.

Contention Three: Role of Cruelty

Our interpretation is that all arguments should be evaluated on the same level.

Their framework forces the judge to hate themselves, rendering a “judgement” by some appeal to transcendental value. Instead, you should evaluate the round and our arguments as symptoms of our position on life and choose the most affirmative.

SMITH 2K7 [daniel w., “deleuze and the question of desire: toward an immanent theory of ethics”, parrhesia, number 2, 66-78]

Now according to Deleuze, this immanent… passive and active affections, in Spinoza).

Their framework arguments misunderstand the nature of evaluation. people do not act as scales, neutrally comparing alternate actions. the inumerable amount of drives shape and change our position. even at the moment of the decisive “fold”, we can never know all of the motives that cause our decision as a moment of singularity.

SMITH 2K7__ [daniel w., “deleuze and the question of desire: toward an immanent theory of ethics”, parrhesia, number 2, 66-78]

Now with these Nietzschean reflections in hand, I want to turn to my…. judgment with the force of decision.”17

Highland Park GO – Affirmative – Generics/ARV’s Plan Text: The United States federal government should, through the executive branch, increase the number of generic antiretroviral drugs sent to PEPFAR countries designated by the resolution through the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief by purchasing the most cost effective drugs available that meaet the World Health Organization’s prequalification standards. Contention 1: AIDS Status quo pharma programs subordinate human lives to profits- resulting in millions of deaths Foreman 2003 – Director of the AIDS Programme of the Panos Institute in London – 2003 (Martin, Perspectives in Health Magazine: The Magazine of Pan American Health Organization, Volume 8 Number 1, “Don’t let TRIPS trip up access to essential drugs,” http://www.paho.org/english/dd/pin/Number16_last.htm The pharmaceutical industry knows that high prices restrict sales and volume…and other patented drugs still do not have access to them.

Pepfar has created its own ARV delivery system – we do not use the hospitals indicted by the neg evidence US Embassy 2005 (September 29, “US announces Consortium to Expedite Delivery of HIV/AIDS Drugs/Supplies” http://pretoria.usembassy.gov/wwwhpepfar+press050929.html On September 28, US Global AIDS coordinator Randall Tobias…including bilateral programs in more than 100 countries around the world.

And, adopting WHO prequalification standards would allow Pepdar to increase the number of people receiving life saving ARVS’s by ten fold while avoiding risks from brand name drugs and obstacles created by the FDA Ismail 2006 ( Asif, “Pepfar Policy Hinders Treatment in Generic Terms, “Center for Public Integrity, http://www.publicintegrity.org/aids/report.aspx?aid=836, Production Editor for Center for Public Integrity, 12/13 But like Rep. Waxman, some pepfar critics think the initiative’s cautious… Baker said, creates another set of bureaucratic hurdles.

The impact of ignoring any facet of HIV/AIDS in Africa is akin to being complicit with mass-murder- HIV/AIDS will kill more people in Africa then all wars combined and devastate the entire continent. Brown 2006 (Lester, Former international Agricultural Analyst for US Department of Agriculture and President of Worldwatch Institute, Earth Policy Institute, Plan B 2.0 – Rescuing A Planet Under Stress and a Civilization in Trouble, Chapter Six, http://www.earth-policy.org/Books/PB2/PB2ch6_ss3.htm Although diseases such as malaria and cholera exact…or we will succeed against neither

Africa already has the infrastructure in place to distribute ARVs and regulate compliance with drug regimes – their standards are the same as those in the West, and have been empirically proven to save lives and prevent the spread of disease. Chien 2003(University of California at Berkely School of Law, “Cheap Drugs at What Price to Innocation: Does the Compulsory Licensing of Pharmacueticals Hurt Innovation?” Berkeley Technology Law Journal, Summer 2003) Lexis. While high drug prices comprise only one aspect of… a more pressing and realistic objective.

Poverty, infrastructure or resistance alternate causalities and arguments about protecting pharma R&D are just industry lies designed to protect profits. ARVs have been effective even in the poorest areas. Crooks 2005 – Jamie, Boaly Hall School of Law, J.D. Candidate 2006. 23 Berkeley J. Int’l L. 524 p.L/N Surely poverty and under-resourced public health infrastructure… of the world’s poorest HIV/AIDS patients.

Failure of the US to adopt WHO qualifications undermines the credibility of all other AIDS assistance programs, creating a ripple effect of resource inefficiency and mistrust towards all international efforts. The plan is key to international harmonization that will save lives. Lynch 2005 ( Sharonann, HIV/AIDS treatment Literatcy Coordinator for MSF’s Lesotho mission, Medicine Procurement of ARV’s and Other Essential Medicines in the US Global AIDS Program, PepfarWatch November http: www. Healthgap.org/press_releases/05/1105_PWATCH_HGAP_BP_PROC.pdf A unilateral system risks undermining the WHO… drugs approved only by the FDA

And, ARVs are key to prevention – people get tested an begin engaging in safer practices when they have hope they will be able to access life-saving drugs. Crooks 2005 – Jamie, Boaly Hall School of Law, J.D. Candidate 2006. 23 Berkeley J. Int’l L. 524 p.L/N A daily cocktail of anti-retroviral medication… in turn assists prevention measures. Contention 2: Free Trade US Led trade agreements massively restrict the distribution of ARVs Westerhaus and Castro 2006 – Micheal, MD, medical resident at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Arachu, PhD, MPH, Assistant Professor os Social Medicine at Harvard Medical School, and Project Manager for Mexico and Guatemala at Partners in Health, “How do Intellectual Property Law and International Trade Agreements Affect Acces to Antiretroviral Therapy?” PLoS Med 3(8) http//medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.0030332&ct=1 However, recent US trade policy threatens…now referred to as “TRIPS-plus” measures.

The US uses its trade leverage, such as the threat of sanctions, to coerce nations into refusing to accept generic ARV’s. Crooks 2005 – Jamie, Boaly Hall School of Law, J.D. Candidate 2006. 23 Berkeley J. Int’l L. 524 p.L/N US HIV/AIDS policy tends to prioritize…even where no patent law had existed before.

And Globalization is inevitable – the only question is how it is carried out – policies that consider the needs of the poor are vital Schneider 2000 (Mark, http://peacecorpsonline.org/messages/messages/2629/4150 These are some of the areas…gap will widen even further

Refusal to liberalize ARV’s for Sub-Saharan Africa has devastated US trade credibility Ernesto Zedillo 2003 “Disorderly conduct: The world’s second pillar is shaky” May 30 International Herald Tribune In the past two years… example of international cooperation

Free trade prevents war through economic growth, increased communication and the promotion of cosmopolitan ethics McDonald 2004 (Patrick J) http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/48/4/547.pdf Free trade, and not just trade…. War during a crisis.

WWI followed an era of only open trade – universal free trade precludes the risk of war – European economic community proves Alan Oxley 2004 http://techcentralstation.com/011604A.html Historians regularly debate how much…. An open global economy.

Wars of the 20th century were a revolt against liberal ideals, not free trade Richard Ebeling 2002 http://www.mises.org/story/915 None of the wars… life subservient to the ends of war.

Free trade solves terrorism by alleviating poverty and spurring democrativ reforms. O’Driscoll and Fitzgerald 2003 (Gerald and Sara) http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=3006 The latest “National security Strategy…And it would be far less costly.

Terrorist attack would cause WWIII and extinction Mohamed Sid-Ahmed ’04 – “Extinction.” http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004705/op5.htm A nuclear attack… we will all be losers

Free Trade Sustains economic growth and prosperity Kenneth Juster 2001 http://ww.bis.goc.gov/News/archives2001/globalizationnscarsdaleNY.htm One of the simple and clear points…innovation and quality enhancement.

Free trade encourages growth in less developed countries Daniel Griswold 2000 http://www.freetrade.org/pubs/articles/dg-9-1-00.html LDCs have the most to…. More sensible economic policies.

Poverty is equivalent to an ongoing nuclear war against the poor; it is the root cause of all other violence Gilligan 96 (James, Professor of Psychiatry at the Harvard Medical School, Director of the Center for the Study of Violence, and a member of the Academic Advisory Council of the National Campaign Against Youth Violence, “Violence: Our Deadly Epidemic and its Causes”, p. 191-196) The deadliest form of violence is poverty… (from homicide and suicide to war and genocide).

Failure to resolve trade issues with the WTO will exacerbate growing tensions between the US and China. MacInnis 2007 (laura) http://www.bnet.com/2407-13071_23-92218.html Still, he said it was… in bilateral trade alliances

Trade tensions between the US and China will quickly manifest into armer conflict due to economic depression and domestic politics Henry Liu 2005, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/GH20Dj01.html US Geoolitical hostility… a war with China

And a US-China war is the most likely scenario for conflict – it willeasily escalate into a nuclear holocaust We control the internal link to international tensions – free trade directly causes improvement in global environmental standards solving climate shift Daniel Griswold 2000 http://www.freetrade.org/pubs/articles/dg-9-1-00.html

Free trade prevents degradation and pollution and causes states to shift to protecting the environment – this is key to biodiversity Futurecasts 2002 http://www.futurecasts.com/Book%20review%204-09.htm The greatest environmental… instances may help