Colleyville+MN+-+Alex+Nasr+&+Andrew+Murray+neg

Jackson Vanik Politics Cites -
Guardian 4-29 http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20080429/pl_nm/usa_russia_wto_dc**
 * Jackson Vanik Repealed Now - Top Priority

Russia could soon finish its 15-year-old bid to join the World Trade Organization and, "at the appropriate time," the White House will ask Congress to approve permanent normal trade relations, a senior U.S. diplomat said on Tuesday. "Right now, the priority is very much on WTO accession ... and, inshallah, that can and should happen in the near term," said Reuben Jeffrey, under secretary of state for economic, energy and agricultural affairs. Jeffrey's use of the Arabic phrase for "if Allah wills" echoed comments Andrey Denisov, Russia's first deputy minister of foreign affairs, made moments earlier in the describing the U.S.-Russia economic agenda. "We're facing intensive work before the end of this year -- signing agreements on peaceful nuclear energy cooperation (and) finishing Russia's accession to the WTO -- inshallah," Denisov said to laughter from his audience, reflecting the many other times Russian officials have predicted an end to the talks. The optimistic remarks to the U.S.-Russia Business Council came just days after the U.S. trade representative's office again put Russia on its annual list of countries with the worst record on counterfeiting and piracy of American goods. The United States reached a bilateral agreement with Russia on the terms of its WTO accession in November 2006. But under that pact, Moscow still needs to pass legislation and take other steps to strengthen its intellectual property rights protection regime, the U.S. trade office said. Russia is by some estimates the world's seventh largest economy, making it by far the largest country outside of the world trade body. To complete the accession process, Russia still must reach bilateral deals with Georgia and Saudi Arabia, as well as an overarching deal with the entire WTO membership to bring its trade regime into compliance with international norms. The chairman of the WTO accession talks in Geneva said earlier this week the multilateral negotiations had taken a "great step forward." But Georgia, angry about Moscow's ties with its breakaway regions, has threatened to block Russia's entry in the WTO. Once Russia becomes a member, the United States would be obligated under WTO rules to lift a Cold War-era trade provision known as the Jackson-Vanik amendment.

Bai 7 - http://www.wps.ru/en/pp/story/2007/01/30.html**
 * Capital Key -

Mark Medish: Bush has promised Putin that America will support Russia's accession to the WTO and repeal the Jackson-Vanik amendment. We shouldn't underestimate the power of the White House. Despite the problems with Iraq, Bush still has vast resources at his disposal. And if he decides to use all his political capital in Congress to support Russia's WTO accession, he will achieve that goal.

Risen 2k7 http://www.ncsj.org/AuxPages/010307TNR_PNTR.shtml**
 * Failure to repeal = political realignment to increase russian agression

Congress will be under pressure to bring Russia's standing under Jackson-Vanik to a vote early in the next session, because Russia's WTO accession talks will begin early this year and its graduation is an informal requirement for them to succeed. If Congress votes no, or just tables the issue, the trade organization is unlikely to override what is essentially a U.S. veto and allow Russia into its fold.

In purely economic terms, this is small beer. Export-wise, Russia is not a major manufacturing or agricultural nation, so, unlike China, it does not need the WTO to break down trade barriers. In fact, its most important asset, natural resources, will always find relatively open markets by virtue of demand. And while the growing Russian market is a lucrative one for American businesses, it is dwarfed by China and other emerging nations. Rather, the real impact of WTO exclusion will be to turn Russia further away from the West, which could have serious security consequences.

While Putin's image has lost much of its luster among Americans of late because of his disdain for unfettered democracy, Russia watchers warn that he is in fact the best hope for future reforms. That's because what looks like a monolithic autocracy on the outside is actually a precarious alliance of reformers, technocrats, and the conservative siloviki (mainly security and military officials), held together by the president. As Ian Bremmer and Samuel Charap write in the current Washington Quarterly, "Although other institutions and the private sector are now largely irrelevant, disputes between Kremlin factions, rather than directives from the president, often determine major policy outcomes."

Putin has managed a grand economic bargain between the liberals, led by Economic Development and Trade Minister German Gref, and the siloviki: Russia will take an aggressively statist approach to natural resources but in all other areas pursue market reforms. The liberals are the weakest faction and thus make the concession for pragmatic reasons, while the siloviki, the most powerful, are for now convinced that market reforms--including WTO membership--will make Russia more powerful, even though they will also open it up to foreign investment and international transparency.

To be sure, Putin is no liberal. Neither, despite his provenance, is he a siloviki. Rather, he is marginally a technocrat, evinced by his apparent selection of that faction's leader, Gazprom chair and First Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, as his successor. The fear among Russia watchers, then, is that a WTO failure would delegitimize the liberals and hurt Putin while elevating the anti-Western siloviki. If they gain power, then Russian intransigence could turn into Russian antipathy, or even aggression: As Bremmer and Charap note, the siloviki see NATO and the United States as active threats, talk of revanchist plans for the former Soviet republics, harbor anti-Semitic and xenophobic views, and are openly derogatory of democracy and free markets. Nor is that the worst-case scenario--a disorderly realignment could empower the extremists, who, unlike the siloviki, have no pretense of abiding by the rule of law or international agreements. In an ironic twist, then, a failure to lift the Jackson-Vanik restrictions could end up reviving the very specters it was enacted to combat.


 * --Bostrum Impact**

Round 2 TOC -
1. Topicality Government – aff funnels money through a non-US agency 2. Topicality #2 PH is prevention not treatment Gostin 1 "most definitions share….injury and disease" Initiatives must be universal by design – devised to affect the entire community Costich 2 90 Ky. L.J. 1043 "The American Academy of Pediatrics…eligibility standards…" Violation Chinese medical teams operate to treat African diseases Naidu 6 "China in Africa" on google "China has a long record of providing….train medical personnel." 3. China Threat / Pan K 4. Farm Bill DA  Taken hardline on subsides will veto X  Hold Line now but needs a credible veto threat X Bennet Plan costs PC X Veto Key to reform of Farm Bill X  Farm subsidies Kill Doha X  Nuclear War Spicer X  5. CP – Condition plan on China ends arms shipments to Zimbawe Relations – 1nc Decline in relations inevitable X Relations are resilient X
 * __ Colleyville Negative Strategy __**

Unique internal link – Bush is going to veto the current farm bill in a push for reform

 * US Ag Net, 1/21**/2008 ([|http://www.wisconsinagconnection.com/story-national.php?Id=152&yr=2008)]

Political capital is key to a farm bill veto

 * East Valley Tribune,** 11/8/**2007** ([|http://www.eastvalleytribune.com/story/101528)]

Bush veto is crucial to a Democrat victory in the coming elections

 * High Plains Journal, 1/17**/2008 (“Should the President veto the farm bill?” [|http://www.hpj.com/archives/2008/jan08/jan21/ShouldthePresidentvetothefa.cfm?title=Should%20the%20President%20veto%20the%20farm%20bill) 

Impact – CTBT
Times of India 10-20-07, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/I_will_seek_approval_of_CTBT_Hillary_Clinton/articleshow/2476937.cms

Solves Prolif, Indo Pak war, Iranian escalation and locks in US leadership
 * Choubey 7, ** Deepti Deputy Director of the Nonproliferation Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, WP 11-7- **07**

A. Bush will veto any version of the Farm bill that includes subsidies

 * SPI 1/18**, (SEATTLE POST-INTELLIGENCER EDITORIAL BOARD, “Farm Bill: A cry for reform”, [|http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/opinion/347945_farmed.html) 

Political capital is key to a farm bill veto

 * East Valley Tribune,** 11/8/**2007** ([|http://www.eastvalleytribune.com/story/101528) 

Farm subsidies will derail Doha
 * AFP 12/14****, ** (US Senate passes massive farm bill, Associated Free Press, [|http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jnkHWUmimLSruxGRfl-s4eXo-tlg)]

Doha success prevents a complete collapse of trade and global war---empirically proven
 * Reuters 7**, “WTO head Lamy says trade deal within reach”, Thomas Atkins, Reuters September 08, 2007, National Post, [|http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/financialpost/story.html?id=937dfbcf-b614-4d53-8880-6e641956fcbc&k=71583 

Impact’s nuke war
Spicer 96 (The Challenge from the East and the Rebirth of the West, **1996**, p. 121)

Bipartisan efforts ensure an override of Bush’s farm bill veto.

 * Allbritton 12/17** (Jay, “Senate Passes Huge Farm Bill”, [|http://news.aol.com/political-machine/2007/12/17/senate-passes-huge-farm-bill/ 

Bipartisanship’s key to override the veto and dissolve deadlock AND issues spill over
[|http://www.newsday.com/news/opinion/ny-opsch075404191oct07,0,7652706.story)]
 * Newsday 7** (If Democrats bend a little, they'll gain a lot, 10/07/2007,

Impact’s Extinction
Bearden 2K T.E., LTC U.S. Army (Retired), [“The Unnecessary Energy Crisis: How to Solve It Quickly,” http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3aaf97f22e23.htm, June 24]

Bush Bad – ANWR
A. Democratic opposition’s the sole factor blocking ANWR passage
 * OGN 1/6**, ("US Congress has big appetite for energy issues", Oil and Gasoline News Worldwide, Volume: 24, No. 50, December 31, January 6, 2008, [|http://oilandgasnewsworldwide.com/Articles.asp?Article=23690)



C. Concessions on popular democratic programs like the plan’s key to ANWR { CARL HULSE, Republicans Set to Spell Out Plan for Oil Drilling in Refuge, Sept 22, 2003, ([|http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE5DB1E3AF931A1575AC0A9659C8B63)

Exploration in ANWR leads to massive levels of methane hydrates release

New Scientist, May 30, 1998

ANWR Methane release empirically risk extinction and runaway warming
 * Baltimore** **Sun 4** ("Methane Burps: Ticking Time Bomb" 15 Dec 2004 by Baltimore Sun John Atcheson, [|http://energybulletin.net/3647.html)]

Overpopulation DA
Foreign aid empirically creates rising expectations of prosperity in Africa that fuels overpopulation Abernethy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1993 ( [|http://www.carryingcapacity.org/va2.html ) Between the end… of an emigration option. Overpopulation is the key access point to every major impact in Sub-Saharan Africa Bryjak, Sociology at University of San Diego, 1997 ( [|http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1272/is_n2626_v125/ai_19622632 ) The 46 nations…6,931 years, respectively. Ignoring population signals authorizes violence---gives a false appearance of international responsibility that actually causes net suffering Abernethy, Psychiatry at Vanderbilt University, 1997 (27 Envtl. L. 1097) In sum, interventions… will swiftly fall.

China DA
US and China have been avoiding confrontation but it is likely over Africa Gill 6, Bates, et al, Chair of China studies, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 06 “China’s Expanding Role in Africa Implications for the United States”, 12/1, Report of the CSIS Delegation to China on China-Africa-U.S. Relations, http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/chinainafrica.pdf Up to now… that commitment. Growing Chinese oil dependence sparks fear of US congressional unilateral intervention Zweig and Bi 5, David,, Director of the Center on China’s Transnational Relations at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and Bi Jianhai, post-doc at the Center, 05, Foreign Affairs, “China’s Global Hunt for Energy”, September/October, proquest Because China's extraordinary… exacerbate them needlessly. Perception of African energy insecurity erodes public support and CCP legitimacy Alden 5, Chris, lectures in International Relations at the London School of Economics and is a Research Associate with the Department of Political Sciences, University of Pretori 2005, 'China in Africa', Survival, 47:3, 147 – 164 A􀄞er Tiananmen Square… of economic fortune. CCP prioritizes it’s sovereignty---it will react to threats to its strength by lashing out and killing billions---killing humyn-kind Sen 5, Renxing, Staff writer, Epoch Times, 05 The Epoch Times, August 3, 2005, “CCP Gambles Insanely to Avoid Death” http://www.theepochtimes.com/news/5-8-3/30931.html In a show… with their lives.

WHO CP
Implementing the Counterplan’s key for the WHO to catalyze international health cooperation---boosting credibility Taylor 4——(Allyn L., University of Maryland School of Law, Governing the Globalization of Public Health, Published in the Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, v. 32, no. 3, Fall 2004, [|http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/fac_pubs/58)] WHO can catalyze… negotiation sessions.

Reps/Images K
The american relationship to africa is defined by images. Saturated by representations of conflict, disease, and the permanent afliction of catastrophe and chaos, policymakers can’t help but solidify the dehumanizing frame for intervention these images demand Wallace 5, phd student – anthropology – oxford, 5 [jamie, “american perceptions of africa based on media representations”, http://www.hollerafrica.com/showarticle.php?Artid=101&catid=1] When we think…… in the world (ebo 1992:17).

The attachment to images of african catastrophe castigates africans to a permanent global underclass. Defined as harbingers of their ever-present demise, africans become the objects of a genocidal process of dehumanization that’s grounded history’s most extreme atrocities. Sankore 5, editor – international federation of journalists – africa and coordinator – freedom of expression and associated rights in africa, 5 [rotimi, “the pitfalls and consequences of development 'pornography'”, http://www.bond.org.uk/networker/2005/april05/opinion.htm] Increasingly graphic depictions… define their future. Rejecting the affirmatives negative representations disconnects American policymaking from the mechanisms of colonialism. Oguibe 3-- Associate Professor African American Studies and Associate Director of the Institute for African American Studies at the University of Connecticut, Storrs; senior fellow of the Vera List Center for Art and Politics at the New School, graduated from the University of Nigeria, received a Ph.D. in Art history from the University of London, taught at several universities in Europe and America where he served in an endowed chair in the Arts of Africa and the African Diaspora—(Olu, “The West and the idea of Africa”, African Societies, Issue 4, March 2003) The point, instead… an own discourse.

Abortion DA
You have a moral obligation to reject advocacies of Abortion—no matter how noble the intention of their affirmative may be

Lugosi 2004 [Charles I. Respecting Human Life in 21st Century Amerca: A Moral Perspective to Extend Civil Rights to the Unborn From Creation to Natural Death] __The legal distinction…____ in its immorality. __ The abortion right legitimizes all atrocity as it prioritizes economic calculus and material prosperity over the love of another. //Fox-Genovese 2007 [//Dr. Elizabeth Fox-Genovese is Eléonore Raoul Professor of the Humanities at Emory University, Crisis Magazine] __Abortion begets and…__ hard to imagine

Bush will veto any version of the Farm bill that includes subsidies
==SPI 1/18, (SEATTLE POST-INTELLIGENCER EDITORIAL BOARD, “Farm Bill: A cry for reform”, [|http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/opinion/347945_farmed.html ) ==

Pol Cap’s key to veto threat and reform power
==Lee 5, The Rose Institute of State & Local Government – Claremont McKenna College – Presented at the Georgia Political Science Association Conference [Andrew, “Invest or Spend?:Political capital and Statements of Administration Policy in the First Term of the George W. Bush Presidency,” [|http://a-s.clayton.edu/trachten berg/2005%20Proceedings%20Lee .pdf] ]==

Reform proposals are crucial to fighting global poverty---the AFF sacrifices the livelihood of 2.5 billion people, 10 million in Africa---turning case
==New Hampshire 7, 11/6/2007 ( [|http://media.www.tnhonline.com/media/storage/paper674/news/2007/11/06/Commen tary/U.s- Farm.Bill.Promotes. Global.Poverty-3080136-page2.shtml] ) ==

Bipartisan efforts ensure an override of Bush’s farm bill veto.
==Allbritton 12/17 (Jay, “Senate Passes Huge Farm Bill”, [|http://news.aol.com/political-machine/2007/12/17/senate-passes-huge-farm-bill/==

Newsday 7 (If Democrats bend a little, they'll gain a lot, 10/07/2007,
== [|http://www.newsday.com/news/opinion/ny-opsch075404191oct07,0,7652706.story ) ==

Impact’s Extinction
==Bearden 2K T.E., LTC U.S. Army (Retired), [“The Unnecessary Energy Crisis: How to Solve It Quickly,” [|http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3aaf97f22e23.htm , June 24] ==