Greenhill+BL-+Nupi+Bhushan+&+Anna+Litman+aff

=TOC RD 1 - New Aff -=

**The Framework for your ballot should be to endorse and evaluate incremental progressive institutional reforms – the neg’s overly totalizing refusal to engage or reform U.S. institutions renders them devoid of any pragmatic political potentioal** David E. McClean, Society of the Advancement of American Philosophy, 2001 “Yet for some reason… “managerial class.’” **Postmodernism’s refusal to ignore objective moral truths and refusal to act in the face of children dying, women being raped, and men tortured is a sick, twisted, and thinly veiled excuse to allow atrocities to continue. Philosophies need to be interrogated from the standpoint of a universal moral realism if future holaucaust are to be avoided** Michael Freeman, University of Essex, 1991, Journal of Applied Philosophy Vol. 8 No. 1 1991 3; “Speaking about the Unspeakable: genocide and philosophy” “’Genocide names an unqualified evil… babel of discourses” **Plan: The United States federal government should send troops authorized to protect civilians and provide health support to Sudan.** Observation 1 Inherencey **The crisis in darfur is a genocide and it is escalating-over 300,000 have died, women are raped, and children are starving. U.S. refusal to intervene is unmistakably racist.** UCLA International Institute, interviewing Salih Booker, “The Crises in Darfur, Sudan” 2004 “Salih Booker, executive… case of Darfur.” **Genocide makes global violence inevitable** Kenneth J. Campbell, 2004 “The Role of Individual States in Addressing Cases of Genocide” “Genocide dominated the 1990s… with impunity” **Refusal to adhere to an ethic of responsibility in the face of genocide culminates in environmental collapse, mass starvation and nuclear war** Ketels, Associate Professor of English, Temple University 1996 “Even though, as Americans… human reason.” **Nuclear War** Deutsch 2 **Genocide has killed more people than all wars combined** R.J. Rummel 1991 “Rule of Law” “And also… totalitarian governments” **OBSERVATION 3 DISEASE:** **The conflict in sudan is the perfect breeding ground for rapibly mutating microbes-new viruses are emerging that threaten human survival** Laurie Garret, Senior Fellow at the Council for Foreign Relations 2004 “As the horrors… refugees and microbes.” **Extinction** South China Morning Post 96 “Despite the importance… race,” he said.” **OBSERVATION 5 SOLVENCY** **The US should intervene militarily in darfur – we are the only ones with the military power necessary to end the genocide** Micheal E. O’Hanlon, “Army Genocide Prevention Unit?” 2006 “With last week’s signing… with a solution.” **US Military Action is Key - Diplomacy isn’t working** Susan E. Rice, senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, Anthony Lake, professor at Georgetown University “We Saved Europeans. Why Not Africans” 10/2/2006 “With Darfur set… of genocide, immoral.” **The plan creates a global framework to end genocide** “Stacey Knobler, former research fellow at Brookings, 2006 “Whatever action is taken… consequences around the world.” **Only the US has the capacity to quickly mobilize its forces – it has unique technical advantages** Salih Booker, executive director of Africa Action 2004 “When Intervention is Necessary, Who Can You Call?” “Regardless of the nature… would be mitigated.”

= = =KENYAN BIOSAFETY=

kenya biotechnology is inevitable but it’s not adopting effective biosafety laws—the plan is crucial to create __comprehensive__ biosafety guidelines—this will be modeled by the rest of africa
[|http://www.scidev.net/dossiers/index.cfm?fuseaction=dossierReadItem&type=3&itemid=623&language=1&dossier=6  Kenya needs public support and rinderpest vaccine continues.
 * Kameri-Mbote, ** Prof of Law @ Intl Envrio Law Research Center in Kenya, **2007**

kenya lacks a comprehensive policy governing the development of biotech
[|http://www.acts.or.ke/pubs/reports/Trainee-Anyango.doc  __ In Kenya, there is no specific policy __ __ problems __ such as malaria and/or Aids research.
 * Anyango and Shiundu, 2k ** (Dept of Botany & Chem @ Univ of Nairobi)

usaid’s biotech strategy is currently insufficient—the us needs to help train african bio-scientists to create sustainable success
[|http://www.africabiotech.com/pdf/Crop-Biotechnology-and-the-African-Farmer.pdf 5. __ Capacity building ____ : Cutting across __ __ by smallholders in Africa in the seventies and eighties ( __ Byerlee and Eicher, 1997 ).
 * Eicher **, Prof of Ag Economics @ MSU, **2006**

kenya relies on unsustainable slash and burn agriculture to feed its population—this will collapse biodiversity
[|http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/220499/Features/XX3.html  __ The prospects of successful economic development __ __ local population of the linkage between conservation and development. __
 * Africa News, 99 **

loss of kenyan biodiversity through overuse of land causes worldwide extinction
(Kenya: The Quest for Prosperity) The ODA study warns:__Everywhere__ 2,000 metric tons in 1974/75 to 62,000 metric tons in 1989/90.
 * Miller and Yeager **, Africa-Carribean Institute, **94**

biotech key to restoring biodiversity—it’s the only way to avoid excessive land use
[|http://www.botanischergarten.ch/EFB/UNESCO-Biodiv-Biotech-Final.pdf Yields of cereals have gone up very considerably in the last forty years. __ political will and financial incentives are a prerequisite. __
 * Braun **, Prof of Microbiology @ Univ of Bern, **and Ammann,** Director of the Botanical Garden @ Bern, **96**

prefer our evidence—overwhelming majority of experts conclude that with regulatory action, biotech will have a positive effect on biodiversity
[|http://www.syngentafoundation.org/green_biotechnology.htm __ There is **a wealth of peer-reviewed serious analyses** __ acceptance that makes success feasible.
 * Leisinger **, Executive Director of Novartis Foundation for Sustainable Development, **99**

confluence of experts agree that gmos are safe—there has not been a __single__ case of illness or environmental destruction b/c of __regulatory action__
__ Concerns over __ the __health__ suitable for human consumption enter the market.
 * Lacy **, former Executive Director of the Intl Policy Council on Ag, Food, And Trade, **3**
 * ( **// SAIS Review // 23.1 (2003) 181-202—Project Muse)

Sub-Saharan Africa faces the most __severe__ food shortages in the world – access to biotechnology is critical to resolve this
__ The **most food-insecure countries** of the __ __ and treatment of food insecurity. __
 * __ Trudell __**, J.D. Candidate 2006, **__05__** (Robert H., Fall, Food Security Emergencies And The Power Of Eminent Domain: A Domestic Legal Tool To Treat A Global Problem, 33 Syracuse J. Int'l L. & Com. 277, Lexis)

land pressure is exacerbating soil erosion in kenya and the rest of africa—causes massive crop decreases
[|http://www.forests.org/archive/africa/soerthre.htm __ Soil erosion is one of the chronic environmental problem __ although it is mostly used as an ornamental plant.
 * Hanyona **, Writer for the Earth Times, **1**

this makes global war inevitable—food shortages are the __root cause__ of international violence
[|http://www.iht.com/articles/1999/06/17/edcarter.2.t.php  Why has peace been so elusive? A recent report sponsored by Future report is a reminder that investments in agricultural research today can cultivate peace tomorrow.
 * Jimmy Carter **, Chair of Carter Center, **94**

impact is extinction
[|http://www.ianr.unl.edu/ianr/csas/v6ch8.htm  in an area of growing importance for the future.
 * Francis **, Ag research @ U Nebraska, **94**
 * __ Nothing is more basic to __**

kenya biotech development spillsover throughout africa
[|http://www.isaaa.org/Resources/Publications/about_isaaa/Annual_report96/Annual_report96_5.htm  __ Kenya urgently needs a stronger system __ __ protect their environments. __
 * Nidiritu **, Director of KARI, **96**

Success in sub-Saharan Africa will be modeled internationally
[|http://www.scidev.net/dossiers/index.cfm?fuseaction=specifictopics&dossier=6&topic=189  In many respects, __sub-Saharan Africa represents__ African farmers and consumers themselves.
 * Glover, 7 **

Chassey, Associate Director of The Biotch Center @ the Univ of Illinois, 3
[|http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/ites/0903/ijee/chassy.htm  __ Sub-Saharan Africa is a __ __ can be eliminated without agricultural biotechnology. __

biotechnology prevents soil erosion—reduces tillage and pesticide use
(Journal of Agrobiotech Management & Economics Vol.2 No.3/4 Article. 4) __ The argument that adoption __ __ water infiltration and storage. __
 * McGloughlin **, Prof @ Univ of California Davis, **99**

genetic diversity in agriculture is collapsing—only effective utilization of biotechnology can avert monoculture
(The Last Harvest: The Genetic Gamble that Threatens to Destroy American Agriculture) __ Never before have so many millions __ __ yields, lowing costs, and devising new products. __
 * Raeburn **, award-winning science writer, **95**

causes extintion
(“Shattering: Food, Politics, and the Loss of Genetic Diversity”) __ While many may ponder the consequences __ That is the subject of this book.
 * Fowler **, Ph.D. Center for Intl Enviro & Development Studies, **and Mooney**, Ph.D. in Sociology, **90**

development of biosafety in kenya is crucial to maximize the use of local germplasm that protects genetic diversity
[|http://bio.org/foodag/action/20030326.asp?p=yes  __ The debate on biotechnology and its impact __ __ can **prevent suffering and starvation.** __ Juma, director of African Center for Tech studies, 89 Kenya is one of the few African countries…Any major programs to be initiated
 * Wambugu **, President of Harvest Biotech Foundation International, **6**
 * Kenya is key to global biodiversity **

an increase in us involvement is vital to counter the change of european influence that prevents biotech developments
[|http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/cia/nic2020/technology_adoption_nov6.pdf  __ Most of the increased acreage __ biotechnology at the molecular level.
 * Paarlberg, ** Prof of Poli Sci @ Wellesley, **2003**

us key—it’s the world leader in biotech
These stylized facts summarize the process by which == Us capacity building assistance is crucial to build collaborative networks with developing countries that allow the us to fully utilize international genetic varieties---only by __directly working__ with other countries can we diversify us agriculture == (Bioscience, December) Advances in US agriculture provide an extraordinary __ bring substantial benefits in the future. __
 * Sheldon, ** Prof of Ag Enviro & Development Economics, **2k** (Ian M., Journal of Agrobiotechnology Management & Economics Vol.3 No.1 Article7) [|http://www.agbioforum.org/v3n1/v3n1a07-lavoie.htm
 * __ firms compared to their European rivals. __**
 * Cummings, ** Coordinator for Intl Research-AID, **91**