Jenks+SK+-+Neal+Sharma+&+Ryan+Kelkar+neg

Jenks SK – Negative

DEVELOPMENT K The affirmative’s descriptions of the illness in Africa are invoked against the screen of people and nations being “under-developed.” The result is a drive by both elites and their subjects to place development and its goals at the center of society despite the impossibility of achieving the goals of the affirmative case. The ultimate result achieved is more degrading physical and human ecologies and the killing, torture, and extermination of indigenous populations and cultures. Escobar 1999 (Arturo, Current History, “The Invention of Development,” November) “The crucial threshold and transformation… that seems impossible to sunder.” Even if you help some Africans, that only makes them more dependent upon aid. This prevents them from doing even menial tasks because they expect someone else to solve their problems. Abdul-Raheem 2006 (Tajudeen, Director of Justice Africa, BBC News, “Head-to-head: Africa’s food crisis,” February 2, http:/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/Africa/4670744.stm) “Your last comment is typical of… stand up on their feet.” This turns and outweighs the case – African dependency on the West replicates the harms of the 1ac and ends in genocide – the impacts are empirical and systemic. Ngugi 2007 (Mukoma, coordinator of the Toward an Africa Without Borders Organization and a political columnist for the BBC Focus on Africa Magazine, Znet, “Africa does not need more Western philanthropy,” April 21, http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?ItemID=12641) “But we as Africans also… and economic justice inside nations.” The alternative is to critique the discourse of development. Only by taking criticism as a serious first step can we begin to abandon the search for models of alternative development and start imagining alternatives to development. Mahmud 1999 (Tayyab, 9 Transnat’l L. & Contemp. Probs. 25) “To move towards alternatives to… start imagining alternatives to development.”

NIETZSCHE K The modern age is committed to a disavowal of tragedy. The triumph of Socratic reason manifests in our attempts to order life and renounce suffering. This requires the construction of an ideal real in opposition to the apparent world of chaos and violence. Enter the Affirmative. In the modern drive towards certainty and security and in an attempting at resolving disorder and insecurity the plan labors to mold the world to make it fit an idealized image of order. Saurette 1996 (Paul, Professor of Political Theory at John Hopkins University, I Mistrust all Systematizers and Avoid Them: Nietzsche, Arendt and the Crisis of the Will to Order in International Relations Theory, Journal of International Studies, Vol. 25 No. 1, pp. 1-28) “According to Nietzsche, the philosophical foundation…philosophical principle of modernity.”

The affirmative will always be able to locate some external threat to world order. It is not a coincidence that Breaking News occurs every fifteen minutes because international politics are unpredictable. The insecurities cited by the affirmative are not unique; the uncomfortable yet irresistible truth is that uncertainty and risk art part and parcel of human life. Rather than coming to terms with this, the affirmative encourages us to stay glued to the television screen, stocking up on duct tape and water. At issue here is not just life itself but what makes life valuable. We encourage indifference and carelessness in a world inherently characterized by insecurity in an attempt to reclaim joy from the affirmative’s world of paranoid tiptoeing. James Der Derian, 1993, The political Subject of Violence, 101-105 “One must begin with Nietzsche’s idea of the will to power…risks and benefits”

The alternative is to do nothing Nietzsche, 1879, Human, All Too Human, Maxim #284 “The means to real peace. … and from up high.”

WHO CP Implementing the counterplan is necessary for the WHO to catalyze international health cooperation in the face of public health problems – The WHO’s agenda-setting capabilities make it the MOST effective agent for action Taylor 04 (Allyn L., University of Maryland School of Law, Governing the Globalization of Public Health, Published in the Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, v. 32, no. 3, Fall 2004, http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/fac_pubs/58/) “WHO can catalyze more effective… development of the legal regime.” Only by taking a secondary, compliant role through the counterplan can the US overcome global backlash. Walt 02 [Stephen, JFK School of Government, Harvard Univ., "American Primacy: Its Prospects and Pitfalls", Naval War College Review, Spring 2002, www.nwc.navy.mil/press/Review/2002/spring/art1-sp2.htm 7/22/06//WFI-TO] “ Unfortunately, there is considerable evidence… that Washington wants to pursue.” Multilateralism promotes soft power, which is key to heg Nye 02 (Joseph S, Former Assistant Secretary of Defense and Dean of Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government, The Paradox of American Power: Why the World’s only Superpower Can’t Go It Alone, Oxford University Press, 2002) pg 16-17 “Nonetheless, if American diplomacy is… power resources of potential challengers.” Decline in our image erodes leadership---sparking disease spread, economic collapse and nuclear war Ferguson 04 (Niall, Professor of History at New York University's Stern School of Business and Senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, “A world without power,” Foreign Policy 143, p. 32-39, July-August) “So what is left? Waning… not-so-new world disorder”

CHINA DISAD US-Sino relations are high now due to recent concessions on both sides, but the brink is thin. Roberts and Shanley 2k7 (Kristin and Mia, Reuters, “U.S. Eases Tone on China; Beijing Agrees to Hotline”, June 2, http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/SIN288889.htm) “U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates… put the champagne on ice." Up to now, any status quo US engagement/aid to Africa has not yet penetrated China’s sphere of influence GILL 2K7 Bates Gill et. al, Senior Fellow at Center for Strategic and International Studies, January, 2007, p. http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/chinainafrica.pdf “Up to now, the United States… content into that commitment.” Increased US engagement/foreign aid to sub-Saharan Africa will be perceived as overreaching and as an effort to contain China GILL 2K7 Bates Gill et. al, Senior Fellow at Center for Strategic and International Studies, January, 2007, p. http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/chinainafrica.pdf “China, however, remains wary of… a strategic partnership in Africa.” Encroaching on China’s sphere of influence leads to nuclear conflagration Ivan Eland 2K5 - Director of the Center on Peace & Liberty at The Independent Institute, Former Director of Defense Policy Studies at the Cato Institute - 4/11/05 (“Coexisting with a Rising China,” http://www.independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?id=1494) “Although China is an autocratic… even a nuclear conflagration.”