Head+Royce+BZ+Aff

Head Royce BZ – Affirmative – Water – At Large Team

Observation 1: Inherency The Water for the Poor Act is receiving large amounts of funding in the status quo, yet the majority of it is being channeled away from sub-Saharan Africa. WaterAid 2007 (June 26, 2007 “Responses to the U.S. State Department Report to Congress 2007” http://docs.nrdc.org/international/int_07071901A.pdf) WaterAid and other international … (approximately $22 million).13 Thus we present the following plan: The United States federal government should provide the necessary funding to fully implement the mandates of section 135(8)(c) of the Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 to topically designated areas. We’ll Clarify. Observation 2: Disease In addition to directly killing millions through diarrhea, a lack of clean water exacerbates the harms of all other diseases. FINDLEY & VOLK 2k PhD Director, Water Initiatives Chemonics International, Inc & CHAIRMAN, ASSOCIATION OF NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAMS, MS Environmental Management Texas U. [Meg & Richard, et al. USAID Water Team, "Towards a Water Secure Future: USAID’s Obligations In Water Resources Management For FY 2000," http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/environment/water/tech_pubs/towards_water_secure.obligations.pdf]

In this chapter, we focus on … drainage and sanitation conditions. And, failure to implement a sustainable solution now will allow the diseases associated with a lack of clean water will kill 135 million by 2020 Eliasson and Blumenthal 05 (Jan, former Swedish ambassador to the United States, and Susan, clinical professor at the Georgetown and Tufts University schools of medicine. “Dying for A Drink of Clean Water”, Tuesday, September 20, 2005; Page A23 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/19/AR2005091901295.html) In the United States … for want of clean water. And, Unclean water is at the root of the ability for HIV/Aids to spread because puts huge pressure on families and communities. Thirst Relief International, 2006 “Water Supply Statistics and Facts: AIDS/HIV and Clean Drinking Water” Accessed 17 2007 http://www.thirstrelief.org/facts.htm#death The lack of clean … progress out of their terrible plight.

And, lack of clean water produces enormous suffering, devastates the health capacity of sub-Saharan Africa, and is responsible for over 50% of hospital bed occupancy. UNDP 2006 (United Nations Development Programme, “Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis,” Human Development Report, UNDP, [Online] http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/pdfs/report/HDR06-complete.pdf) Poor water and sanitation … new cases of blindness each year.

And, clean water is the equivalent to a vaccine for water borne diseases WATKINS 06 lead author of the UN Human Development Report Kevin, Africa Focus, Africa: Water, Health, and Development, http://www.africa.upenn.edu/afrfocus/afrfocus112406.html

Women, Water and Development … Africa is a glass of clean water. And, providing access to clean water allows for more effective and accessible health system by freeing up over 610 million dollars of the health budget annually in sub-Saharan Africa. UNDP 2006 (United Nations Development Programme, “Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis,” Human Development Report, UNDP, [Online] http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/pdfs/report/HDR06-complete.pdf) Clean water and sanitation … the region’s health budget. Observation 3 Poverty: On top of the millions of children who die each year due to water-borne diseases, those who survive are too sick to attend school, guaranteeing a cycle of poverty in Africa UNDP 2006 (United Nations Development Programme, “Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis,” Human Development Report, UNDP, [Online] http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/pdfs/report/HDR06-complete.pdf) Premature mortality may …. the lower productivity and diminished human capital. Poverty is a form of institutional violence that not only inflicts suffering, but also silences attempts to allow the voices of the oppressed to be heard. Paul Farmer, medical anthropologist and physician @ Harvard Med School, 1996, “On Suffering and structural violence: a view from below”, )." Daedalus 125.n1 (Wntr 1996): 261(23), p. find articles Any distinguishing characteristic, … finding a balm in Gilead.30

And, disease and poverty is a form of structural violence that is responsible for more deaths than a hypothetical nuclear war. Gilligan 96 James Gilligan professor of Psychiatry at the Harvard Medical School, Director of the Center for the Study of Violence, and a member of the Academic Advisory Council of the National Campaign Against Youth Violence. Violence: Our Deadly Epidemic and its Causes. 1996. P. 191-196 The finding that structural violence … as cause to effect. And, the status quo’s focus on large scale wars as the driving motivation for action has justified the racist complacency in the face of structural violence like disease and poverty Cuomo 96-- activist, artist, and Professor of Philosophy and Women's Studies at the University of Cincinnati. She is the author of The Philosopher Queen: Feminist Essays on War, Love, and Knowledge-- (Chris, “War Is Not Just an Event: Reflections on the Significance of Everyday Violence!” hypatia, 1996, Proquest,) Ethical approaches that … inevitability of war and militarism.

And, Absent a transition away from this lens of political calculation in the face of structural violence, the very wars that are used to justify inaction become inevitable. Responding to structural violence absent the motivation of a contrived war is necessary to transition away from the crisis based politics. Sandy and Perkins, 02 (Leo R. veteran of the U.S. Navy and an active member of Veterans for Peace, Inc., co founder of Peace Studies at Plymouth State College and at Rivier College, Ray; teaches philosophy at Plymouth State College, The Nature of Peace and Its Implications for Peace Education”, Online journal of peace and conflict resolution, Issue 4.2, Spring 02, http://www.trinstitute.org/ojpcr/4_2natp.htm Any attempt to articulate … causes of conflict that produce violence" (Woolman, 1985, p.8). And addressing the scarcity of clean water is the only way to break free from the immense poverty and discrimination of the status quo Bonn 01 (Recommendations of the International Conference on Freshwater. Took place in Bonn in 2001. Was a UN conference. http://www.water-2001.de/outcome/BonnRecommendations/Bonn_Recommendations.pdf) Ten years after the … dimension of poverty reduction. Observation 4: Solvency The effectiveness of US water assistance programs is predicated on increased funding for the Water for the Poor Act of 2005 Lochery 07 (Peter, Water Team Director, Bringing Down Barriers to Water and Sanitation Provision in Africa through Implementation of the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act Testimony before the United States House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs, http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/35429.pdf) The low-level priority … been sidelined for far too long.

Additionally, US investment in Africa’s water sector is key. It is like an immunization to the cycle of disease and poverty that entraps so many of Africa’s poor. UNDP 2006 (United Nations Development Programme, “Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis,” Human Development Report, UNDP, [Online] http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/pdfs/report/HDR06-complete.pdf) Losses are greatest in some of the poorest countries. Sub-Saharan Africa loses about …water and sanitation. And US water assistance is best; it builds the capacity of local governments, consults and co-operates with local governments and international donors and integrates ad hoc projects that exist in the status quo into a cohesive response. State Department, 07 (Bureau of Oceans and International Affairs and Scientific Affairs, Department of State Publication 11425. Report to Congress; “Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act 2005” June 2007. http://aquadoc.typepad.com/waterwired/files/2007_state_dept_water_for_the_poor.pdf) The U.S. government works… implemented in other areas.

Also note that the US water policy was established after months of consultation with all relevant actors, creating a policy that makes everyone happy. Blumenauer 05 Earl, Congressman, E-Townhall, 11 8 2005, http://blumenauer.house.gov/ebtownhall/ebtownwater.pdf The Water for the Poor Act … won’t do much good. And, US leadership on clean water assistance is key to spurring a greater international response. Purvis and Sahni 04 (Nigel and Nalin, - Brookings Scholar on Environment and Development, Foreign Policy Studies – “Financing Water Toward an L20 Action Plan”, The Center for International Governance Innovation, Dec. 1-2, 2004, [online] http://www.inweh.unu.edu/inweh/Health/g20.alexandria.sahni.pdf, accessed 7/25/07) Political will is lacking … targeted towards Afghanistan and Iraq. And, a cohesive, and collaborative international response is the vital internal link to solvency. No one country or international institution has the ability to solve on it’s own C.S.I.S. 05 Center for Strategic Int’l Studies – Sandia National Laboratory [“Global Water Futures: Addressing Our Global Water Future,” 9/30/05, White Paper, http://www.sandia.gov/water/docs/CSIS-SNL_OGWF_9-28-05.PDF] Finding 7: Sustainable strategies …effective resource planning and implementation. And US expertise in tracking the effectiveness of water projects allows for adaptability to problems that may arise during implementation. State Department, 07 (Bureau of Oceans and International Affairs and Scientific Affairs, Department of State Publication 11425. Report to Congress; “Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act 2005” June 2007. http://aquadoc.typepad.com/waterwired/files/2007_state_dept_water_for_the_poor.pdf)

A key component of … for success and failure.

And, Only the US has the watershed data necessary to conduct effective assistance. CSIS 5 (9-30, Center for Strategic & Internat’l Studies, Global Water Futures, http://www.sandia.gov/water/docs/CSISSNL_OGWF_9-28-05.PDF) Long-term data on … themselves are few and far between.

Ptx Link Turns (_) Link Turn: A. Congress loves the plan, promoting clean water is a priority Wilson Center 05 December 02, 2005, President Signs Water for the Poor Act Bill Shows US Commitment to Global Access to Water, Sanitation http://wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=1413&categoryid=A84F71E7-65BF-E7DC-4E3D65C4974A971A&fuseaction=topics.news_item_topics&news_id=156869 “This bill is a critical … in favor the Water for the Poor Act. B. Popular acts don’t cost political capital – they boost it ROBERTS 11 – 9 – 04 Political Science BA, University of New Mexico [Dane, “Democrats need sharp vision,” Daily Lobo, via University Wire] "Political capital" might … his political capital.

(_) Turn: A. Water assistance is extremely popular in congress and with the American public Millennium Water Alliance 2005 (History, Strategy and Funding, http://www.coe.ou.edu/water/MWA.pdf) Underpinning these principles …the environment, and security. B. Passing Popular policies with the public insures victories in congress – studies prove SPITZER 93 Prof of Poli Sci, State University of New York [Robert J., President and Congress: Executive Hegemony at the Crossroads of American Government] An important empirical …standing is by no means inevitable.

Surprisingly, we haven’t debated a political capital bad scenario all year.