Calhoun+JH+-+Ben+Jordon+&+Dana+Higgins+aff

=TOC Round 1:= Performance based grants Condition aid on corruption  **The U.S. presently sends billions in foreign aid to Africa which is intended for public health assistance but is diverted by corruption. ** Adam Lerrick, 12-9-2005 Carnegie Foundation, “ Aid to Africa at Risk: Covering Up Corruption” http://www.house.gov/jec/publications/109/12-09-05galliotcorruption.pdf
 * We begin with - __INHERENCY.__ ** **CORRUPTION PREVENTS BILLIONS IN U.S. AID FROM BECOMING PUBLIC HEALTH ASSISTANCE.**

I**t is the nature of U.S. aid, not the nature of the region or the people, which causes corruption: The U.S. does with aid what it has always done to prop up dictators and regimes they give lump sums to the African governments and allow them to spend it without accountability, which invites corruption.** All Africa.com, 2004 http://allafrica.com/stories/200403250669.html

C**orruption prevents health assistance from helping the poor.** Ochonu, Moses Ebe, March 7, 2007 http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/articles/moses-ebe-ochonu/myths-and-fallacies-of-african-corru.html
 * consider the RESULTING four harms: **
 * __HARM ONE: DISEASE __**

IRIS, March 2006 http://www.iris.umd.edu/Reader.aspx?TYPE=HTML_ARTICLE&ID=3120237c-e49f-41fe-b143-88bdc2efa877
 * CORRUPTION DENIES HEALTH ASSISTANCE **

<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Bradol, 03 – President of Doctors Without Borders – France – 2003 (Jean-Hervé, MD, “Invisible: Do sick people with no money need to become rich before we see that we can keep them alive?,” http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/ar/i2003/invisible.cfm)
 * <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">AND, the result is a catastrophe – 25 million lives are lost **

<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; color: rgb(0, 41, 0); -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Shilgba 2008 <span style="color: rgb(0, 41, 0)"> Leonard Karshima (undated - downloaded 1-16-08 ( “<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">THE BLACK RACE:MYTHS, COMPLEXES, AND COMPASSION” http://www.utexas.edu/conferences/africa/ads/6.html <span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)"> <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; color: black; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Ochonu, Moses Ebe, March 7, <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">2007 http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/articles/moses-ebe-ochonu/myths-and-fallacies-of-african-corru.html
 * __<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> HARM TWO: BLAMING AFRICA __**<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">. **Many take the racist and perverse attitude that corruption is in the nature of the people in sub-saharan Africa.**
 * <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">AND BLAMING CORRUPTION ON AFRICANS IS RACIST **

<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> Martin, <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">1990, Brian, associate professor in Science, Technology, and Society at the University of Wollongong, Uprooting War, http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/90uw/uw13.html
 * <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">The harms of blaming Africa include entrenching racism. ****<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">R ****<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">acism is the underlying root of war and violence. **

<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Racism should always be rejected. Each instance of rejection creates a positive move toward a better, more egalitarian society Joseph <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; font-weight: normal">Barndt, <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">19  91  , Dismantling Racism: The Continuing Challenge to White America, p. 155-56


 * __<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">HARM THREE: CORRUPTION __****__<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> CAUSES STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE __**

<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Mulinge and Lesetedi, 20<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">03 Munyae M. Gwen N. //Afr. j. polit. set// (2002-3, Vol 7 No. 1 “Corruption in sub-Saharan Africa: Towards a More Holistic Approach” http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/political%20science/volume7n1/ajps007001004.pdf
 * <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">CORRUPTION UNDERMINES THE STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY **

Ernest <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Harsch, African Recovery, (downloaded 1-15-<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">08 ) http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol11no1/corrupt.htm
 * <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">THE RESULT IS DEVASTATING TO THE SOCIETAL STRUCTURE **


 * <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE OUTWEIGHS ALL OTHERS IMPACTS **
 * J**ames <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Gilligan, Dept Psychiatry Harvard Med School, VIOLENCE REFLECTIONS ON OUR DEADLIEST EPIDEMIC <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">2000 p 195-196

Omololu <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Fagbadebo, October <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">2007. Corruption, Governance and Political Instability in Nigeria” Department of Political Science,Obafemi Awolowo University,Ile-Ife, Nigeria http://www.academicjournals.org/AJPSIR/PDF/Pdf2007/Nov/Fagbadebo.pdf
 * <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">HARM (4) WESTERNIZED SOLUTIONS –FOR ASSISTANCE TO START AT THE TOP AND HOPE IT WILL TRICKLE DOWN - IS SYSTEMIC TO ELITE CONROL AND OPPRESSION OF THE CITIZENRY **


 * <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; text-transform: uppercase; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Therefore we support the following plan <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">: The United States federal government should increase its performance based grants in the topically designated area with assistance based upon the number of members of the public receiving health assistance. Funding and enforcement guaranteed. **

Oxfam International, Africa News, “PanAfrica; Increasing Aid Goes Hand in Hand with Fighting Corruption,” lexis )
 * <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">We conclude with __SOLVENCY__ **<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">: **REQUIRING PERFORMANCE BASED AID INCREASES amount that actually becomes PUBLIC HEALTH ASSISTANCE**

<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; color: rgb(35, 31, 32); -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Hecht, Batson, and Brenzel, 2004 <span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32)"> Robert, Amie, Logan “<span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32)">Making Health Care Accountable: Why performance-based funding of health services in <span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32)">developing countries is getting more attention” http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2004/03/pdf/hecht.pdf
 * <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">AND, **<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> **THE MOST ACCOUNTABLE ASSISTANCE IS PERFORMANCE BASED GRANTS, ALSO KNOWN AS PAYMENT FOR PERFORMANCE, WHICH DOES NOT GIVE A LUMP SUM, INSTEAD, IT GIVES MONEY DEPENDING UPON THE AMOUNT OF TREATMENT WHICH IS ACTUALLY RECEIVED**

Anwah <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Shah, The World Bank, <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">2007 Performance accountability and combating corruption http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0QLQ/is_2007_August/ai_n19450827
 * <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">AND, EXPERTS AGREE, PERFORMANCE BASED FINANCING OF PUBLIC HEALTH SOLVES CORRUPTION **


 * <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">AND, ** **<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">PERFORMANCE BASED GRANTS ARE ESSENTIAL TO FIGHT AFRICAN DISEASES **

<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Low-Beer et al, PLOS JOURNAL, <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">2007 http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0040219&ct=1

<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; color: rgb(35, 31, 32); -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Hecht, Batson, and Brenzel, 2004 <span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32)"> Robert, Amie, Logan “<span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32)">Making Health Care Accountable: Why performance-based funding of health services in <span style="color: rgb(35, 31, 32)">developing countries is getting more attention” http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2004/03/pdf/hecht.pdf
 * <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">FINALLY, ** **<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">PERFORMANCE BASED GRANTS RESULT IN BETTER IMMUNIZATION AND TREATMENT **

= = =Band-Aids Aff= QUESTION ONE: YOU MEAN THERE ARE PROBLEMS IN AFRICA?

THIRTY THOUSAND CHILDREN DIE EVERY DAY OF PREVENTABLE CAUSES ActionAid Report, 2006 http://www.actionaid.org.uk/doc_lib/69_1_real_aid.pdf We live in an age of unprecedented prosperity … all deflate the value of aid.

HIV/AIDS worse than war and famine Nelson Mandela, 2005 XIIIth International AIDS Conference http://www.bridges-of-hope.org/index.php Let us not equivocate:… diseases as malaria."

STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE IS WORSE THAN WAR James Gilligan, Dept Psychiatry Harvard Med School, VIOLENCE REFLECTIONS ON OUR DEADLIEST EPIDEMIC 2000 p 195-196 The 14 to 18 million deaths a year…every decade, throughout the world.

So what can we do to solve the death and destruction, the wars and the genocide? Plan: The United States federal government shall substantially increase health assistance by sending 100 million band-aids to the topic–defined area. Financing and enforcement guaranteed. Question two: Why band-aids?

When politicians believe Africa is hopeless, we use band-aids instead of solutions Mark Ford of East Fallowfield, PA 1996 http://www.pbs.org/newshour/forum/november96/zaire_11-15.html In his later years, when asked…addressed with some permanency?

Social activitist and musicial Bob Geldoff named his project “Live aid” as recognition of a political wound to Africa – that band-aids won’t mend Africa, only political solutions will Bob Geldof, The Rolling Stone, 2004 http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/ultravox/articles/story/6654479/geldof_rings_in_christmas Live Aid was a key moment … band-aids won't mend it. But politics will.

For any number of problems, Africa needs cures, not band-aids – Haimanot, Washington, DC BBC News, 2005 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/talking_point/4617397.stm 15 June, 2005, What Africa needs is a cure… globe will be flocking back to better Africa.

When Africa accepts band-aids, leaders only look to external solutions Avittey, 2006 George B.N., Ph.D. President, The Free Africa Foundation, Distinguished Economist, American University, April http://www.freeafrica.org/html/body_president.html While external factors have played a role…allies looked only one way -- at the external factors.

Band-aids won’t stop genocide – need political will Nicholas Kristoff, November 2006 “Bandages and Bayonetts” http://platform.blogs.com/passionofthepresent/2006/11/bandages_and_ba.html After more than three years of such brutality… this first genocide of the 21st century to drag on and on.

Sarcasm is powerful debate– remembered by audience better than other rhetoric Kelly Power, 2000 http://www.mun.ca/marcomm/gazette/1999-2000/Feb.24/stuview.html Some people like to say that sarcasm …blended with the comments before and after it. Swift’s “A Modest Proposal” is a valuable took of commenting on social or political issues and is a valuable tool of debate Kelly Power, 2000 http://www.mun.ca/marcomm/gazette/1999-2000/Feb.24/stuview.html After all, one would have to admit …anyone’s storehouse of debating skills.

Today, Satire is still the most powerful tool against the powerful Korantang, April 16, 2005 [|On The Importance of Biting Satire] http://koranteng.blogspot.com/2005/04/on-importance-of-biting-satire.html Politicians understand very well the power of ridicule …something that is best done with writing.

Only forcing public stands will actually heal Africa [|Radley Balko]2003 President Bush's $15 Billion Package to Fight AIDS in Africa (June 23, )http://www.capmag.com/article.asp?ID=2875 Africa needs access to western markets, not western welfare… Start there, then we'll talk about courage.

=Family Planning Aff= Gathii 06 (“Symposium: Family Planning and AIDS Policy in the International Community: Exporting Culture Wars,” lexis, The Regents of the University of California U.C. Davis Journal of International Law & Policy) “The state “participates in the sexual politics…..increases women’s access to equal opportunities with men.” Gathii 06 (Professor of International commercial Law, Albany Law School, James, UC Davis Journal of International Law & Policy, Fall page lexis) “The New Right’s ideologies, as imposed by…..that reinforce and compound the patriarchy.” Warren and Cady 94 (Karen J and Duane L, Philosophy Dept- @ Manchester and Prof of Philosophy @Elamiine U, “Feminism and Peace: Seeing Connections,” Hypatta, Spring 94, v9 n2, Pro-quest) “To say that patriarchy is a dysfunctional system…woman-nature-peace connections in regional, national, and global contexts.” Hooks 04 (Professor of English and city College, Bell, The Will to Change: Men, masculinity, and Love, pg 26-27) “Citizens in this nation fear challenging…. millions of people on the planet.” Robinson 07 (Mark, Divinity School, University of Chicago, [|cas.uchicago.edu/workshops/rrtpm/markr.doc]) “Graham’s statement references a specific ontology…..bring modernity and thus morality to Africa.” Bhana 07 (Deevia, prof of English, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, “Sexuality in Africa,” [|arsrc.org/resources/publications/sia/jan07/feature.htm]) “African sexuality has historically been…..questions the ability of sexual rights within marriage.” Barndt 91 (Joseph, co-director of Crossroads, a ministry to dismantle racism, “Dismantling Racism: The Continuing Challenge to White America,” pg 155-156) “To study racism is to study walls….we dare not allow it to continue.” Puar and Rai 02 (Jasbir K, assistant professor of women’s studies and geography at Rutgers University, Amit S, teaches cultural and literary studies at the New School University in New York City, “Monster, Terrorist, Fag: The War on Terrorism and the Production of Docile Patriots,” Social Text, 20.3, pg 117-148) “Clearly, a hegemonic struggle is being….narratives of modernity, patriotism, and nationalism?” Rubin 93 (Gayle S, assistant professor of Anthropology at the University of Michigan, “Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality,” The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader, editors Abelove, Barale, and Halperin, pg 3-9) “The time has come to think about sex….develop radical perspectives on sexuality.” Kinney 06 (Edi, JD/PhD candidate @ UC Berkeley, 21 Berkeley J. Gender L. & Just. 158) “The United States’ scheme to advance…..voices and concerns of migrants themselves.” Jones 04 (Allegra A, editor, Boston College Third World Law Journal 24) “Another practical effect of the Mexico…..clinics were the true victims of the Mexico City Policy.” Sai 04 (Frederick t, advisor to the president of Ghana on HIV/AIDS, Sept/ Oct, [|worldwatch.org/system/files/EP175G.pdf]) “Pregnancy and unsafe abortion are the…..longterm debilities from their pregnancies and deliveries.” PAI 06 (Population Action International, May, [|216.146.213.75/Publications/Fact_Sheets/FS2/Summary.shtml]) “Saving Children’s Lives By preventing closely-spaced…..while the abortion rate declined by 61 percent.” Cincotta and Haddock 06 (Richard, senior research associate at PAI, Sarah, former population analyst for USAID and research assistant at PAI, 2/1, [|populationaction.org/Publications/Research_commentaries/Family_Planning_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa/Summary.shtml]) “There is no time like the present to step…..are desperately in need of success.” Aginam 03 (Obijiofor, Okafor, Obiora Chinedu, “Humanizing Our Global Order: Essay in Honor of Ivan Head,” University of Toronto press) “This grave charge and the accompanying challenge…..developing world’s scholars and intellectuals.” Prata 06 (Ndola, professor of Public Health at the university of California-Berkeley, 10 years of clinical practice in Angola, “Population Growth and its Impact on maternal Health,” [|appg-popdevrh.org.uk/Publications/Population%20Hearings/Evidence/Uni%20of%20Cal%20evidence.doc]) “Most countries where maternal mortality is the highest….these results in the death of the woman.” Hollingsworth 96 (William G, professor of law at Tulsa University, Ending the Explosion: Population Policies and Ethics for a Humane Future, pg 57-58) “Though only part of the answer, family planning…..funding must be called just what it is, evil madness.” Blanc and Tsui 05 (Ann and Amy, president of Blancroft Research International and Professor, Population and Family Health Sciences Dept @ Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, “The Dilemma of Past Success: Insiders’ Views on the Future of the International Family Planning Movement,” Studies in Family Planning, December) “Moreover, the reinstatement of the…….The sources of money change as politics change.” PAI 98 (Population Action International, 3/8, “Paying their Fair Share- Donor Countries and International Population Assistance,” [|populationaction.org/Publications/Reports/Paying_their_Fair_Share/UNITED_STATES.shtml]) “The technical capacity of the U.S. international…..helping to broaden USAID’s technical capacity.”
 * PLAN: The United States federal government should unconditionally assist topical countries in the area of family planning. We reserve the right to clarify.**
 * ADVANTAGE ONE: Domination and Destruction**
 * (1) Patriarchy**
 * Restrictive family planning policies reinforce male-domination of women. This form of cultural imperialism denies women control of their bodies.**
 * Lack of family planning is yet another burden on African women who suffer many harms at the hands of a male-centered culture.**
 * Patriarchy is the root of violence and helps to maintain the war system. A world with patriarchy at its center makes war inevitable.**
 * The subordination of women makes slaughter of millions possible.**
 * (2) Racism**
 * The moral focus on Abstinence in Africa is based on a stereotyped vision of the oversexualized African body.**
 * Promoting Abstinence instead of other family planning methods entrenches this racist image of the sexualized African**
 * Racism must be rejected**
 * (3) Bush’s Moral Crusade**
 * The Bush Administration is on a moral crusade to eliminate sex in Africa. This approach to public health creates the conditions for apocalyptic termination.**
 * Repealing policies like the prostitution pledge restores justice and reshapes the debate about sex.**
 * Attacking the right-wing nuts that are running this country restores US stature in the world which is key to solving.**
 * ADVANTAGE TWO: Reproductive Health**
 * Current US failure to fund family planning has caused a massive wave of clinic closures throughout Sub-Saharan Africa.**
 * The impact is 700 deaths a day**
 * The deaths are __not inevitable__—family planning can __nearly eliminate__ pregnancy-related deaths**
 * The plan galvanizes a regional and global collaborative effort to coordinate HIV prevention and family planning—stabilizes Africa’s demographic transition**
 * Every major 21st century threat is rooted in an unwillingness to integrate the South in a global commitment to equitable resources. Failure to confront these inequities head on makes destruction inevitable.**
 * UNDERVIEW: Solvency**
 * Access to family planning is critical to curb population growth- when women are educated about contraceptive methods they choose to have smaller families**
 * Family planning solves- the evidence is overwhelming**
 * The US is a critical family planning model for the rest of the world- the existence of US restrictions on funding deters other countries from implementing family planning**
 * USAID is the only actor with the technical capability and field presence to ensure successful family planning programs- decades of experience prove**