Glenbrook+North+OZ+-+Debbie+Oh+&+Lucy+Zhu+neg

US ratification of LOS is key to establish legal certainty and prevent conflicts with Russia over the Arctic.

 * Reuters 3/9 ** (Deborah Zabarenko, Environment Correspondent, 3/9/08, "Could Arctic ice melt spawn new kind of cold war?" Reuters, [|http://www.reuters.com/article /latestCrisis/idUSN07319018])

Unlike the first Cold War … going to develop without us ."

LOS mediation is key to prevent miscalc.

 * WSJ 07 ** (Wall Street Journal, 8/22/2007. "U.S. Resistance to Sea Treaty Thaws," Wall Street Journal)

All this has put the U.S. … to assert its claims.

Causes nuclear war.

 * Kanter 99 ** (Arnold Kanter et al, Senior Fellow at the Forum for International Policy, 9/13/1999. "A Deal With Russia On Arms Control?" Boston Globe, [|http://fas.org/nuke/control /abmt/news/e19990914deal.htm])

Second, we want to do … that our children will pay the price.

Lost 1nc
A solemn international …and the Navy. [|http://online.wsj.com/article/SB119076821159739452.html?mod=googlenews_wsj The Convention … on the Law of the Sea. Zalmay **Khalilzad**, RAND, The Washington Quarterly, Spring 19**95** Under the … of power system.
 * Bush’s __capital__ and support’s critical to LOST passage**
 * NYT**, 8-25, 200**7**, [|http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/25/opinion/25sat1.html
 * LOST key to US hegemony – customary international law’s insufficient**
 * Baker & Shultz**, Former Secretaries of State, September 26, 200**7**
 * US leadership’s essential to prevent global nuclear exchange**

oil da 1nc
The new year has barely … hemisphere. Despite a year of turmoil …, according to one economist. Steven **David**, Professor of Political Science at The Johns Hopkins University, Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb, 19**99** If internal war does strike Russia, …a Russian civil war.
 * Perceptions of African instability is keeping oil prices high now**
 * ABC Australia, 1/4**/08, [|http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/01/04/2131561.htm
 * A decline in oil prices causes massive capital flight and tanks the Russian economy**
 * IHT 1/7/04**
 * Russian economic decline results in extinction**

Imagery k 1nc
[JAMIE, “AMERICAN PERCEPTIONS OF AFRICA BASED ON MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS”, [|http://www.hollerafrica.com/showArticle.php?artId=101&catId=1 ] When we think of Africa, … in the world (Ebo 1992:17). [ROTIMI, “The Pitfalls and Consequences of Development 'Pornography'”, [|http://www.bond.org.uk/networker/2005/april05/opinion.htm ] Increasingly graphic depictions … freely define their future. The literature reported in this field … information on the African reality.
 * A. THE AMERICAN RELATIONSHIP TO AFRICA IS DEFINED BY IMAGES. SATURATED BY REPRESENTATIONS OF CONFLICT, DISEASE, AND THE PERMANENT AFFLICTION OF CATASTROPHE AND CHAOS, POLICYMAKERS CAN’T HELP BUT SOLIDIFY THE DEHUMANIZING FRAME FOR INTERVENTION THESE IMAGES DEMAND**
 * WALLACE**, PHD STUDENT – ANTHROPOLOGY – OXFORD, **5**
 * B. THE ATTACHMENT TO IMAGES OF AFRICAN CATASTROPHE CASTIGATES AFRICANS TO A PERMANENT GLOBAL UNDERCLASS. DEFINED AS HARBINGERS OF THEIR EVER-PRESENT DEMISE, AFRICANS BECOME THE OBJECTS OF A GENOCIDAL PROCESS OF DEHUMANIZATION THAT’S GROUNDED HISTORY’S MOST EXTREME ATROCITIES.**
 * SANKORE**, EDITOR – INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF JOURNALISTS – AFRICA AND COORDINATOR – FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND ASSOCIATED RIGHTS IN AFRICA, **5**
 * C. ALTERNATIVE:**
 * USE THE BALLOT TO SHORTCIRCUIT THIS CYCLE OF PESSIMISTIC DISASTER IMAGING OF AFRICA. TELLING A NEW STORY OF AFRICA, SEVERED FROM THE MODEL OF PREJUDICIAL PORTRAYAL, IS CRUCIAL TO DISCONNECT AMERICAN POLICYMAKING FROM THE MECHANISMS OF COLONIALISM**
 * MEZZANA**, SOCIOLOGIST AND RESERARCHER – CERFE GROUP AFRICAN RESEARCH, **5** [DANIELE, “A CANCEROUS IMAGE”, [|http://www.africansocieties.org/n4/eng/Dossier.htm ]

Consult NATO 1nc

 * Text: The United States Federal Government should propose* that it**

[PHILIP H., FOREIGN AFFAIRS, JAN/FEB] There is much … could indeed come at a price. John **Duffield**, Assistant Professor of Government and Foreign Affairs at the University of Virginia, 19**94** [Political Science Quarterly 109:5, p. 766-7] Initial … the existence of nuclear weapons.11 Robert **Kagan**, **4** (Of Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order. p 170) Nor can … United Nations.
 * … to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization for binding+ consultation. We’ll clarify**
 * The Net Benefit is NATO Cohesion**
 * A. Lack of genuine consultation is collapsing the NATO alliance – only the counterplan can prevent the destruction of the alliance**
 * Gordon**, SENIOR FELLOW, FOREIGN POLICY STUDIES, BROOKINGS, 200**3**
 * B. Collapse of NATO causes multiple escalatory nuclear wars**
 * C. The counterplan provides uniqueness for the net benefit - Consultation with NATO spills over to attract future U.S. involvement**