Dallas+Jesuit+HN+-+John+Hill+&+Gabriel+Nunez-Lafontaine+aff

TOC Round 1:

Geneaology of securitization of AIDS

Contention 1 is Our Failure Current increases in aid are unable to overcome the lack of doctors in Africa because they fail to focus on doctors Friedman, is the senior global health policy adviser for the Physicians of Human Rights, 6/11/07 (Eric, “Global Fund: At the Cross Roads” [|http://phrblog.orgbraindrain/2007/06/11/global-fund-at-a-crossroads/)] “With a handful of expectations…PEPFAR has failed to do so.”

Contention 2 is the Golden age of Individualism The world we live in today has become obsessed with the individual and we have all forgotten the collective good. Globalization has breed a world wide care only for number one mentality that is making medical care in sub-Saharan Africa impossible to afford and dooming millions to poverty and diseases. Meier and Mori, 2005 (Benjamin Mason and Larisa M.,International Development and Globalization Fellow, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University. and J.D./M.P.H. Candidate, University of California, Los Angeles; B.A., University of California, Los Angeles. THE HIGHEST ATTAINABLE STANDARD: ADVANCING A COLLECTIVE HUMAN RIGHT TO PUBLIC HEALTH, Fall, 2005, 37 Colum. Human Rights L. Rev. 101, Columbia Human Rights Law Review, Lexis Nexis) “Modern processes of globalization impact public health through myriad… for their own health status.”

Creation of the sacred order which closes off otherness solves the root cause of oppression, dehumanization, and violence, otherwise there is no value to life and genocidal extermination and extinction are inevitable Fasching, Professor of religion at the US Florida, 1993 (Darrell J., The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima, p 155-7) “The Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima: From”

And, the public health sphere is completely dominated by Trans national corporations that greedily attempt to make a buck off the suffering of those in poorer countries. Only a movement to give healthcare freely can help people stave off this corporate domination and reverse the current trends of globalization and neoliberalism Meier and Mori, 2005 (Benjamin Mason and Larisa M.,International Development and Globalization Fellow, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University. and J.D./M.P.H. Candidate, University of California, Los Angeles; B.A., University of California, Los Angeles. THE HIGHEST ATTAINABLE STANDARD: ADVANCING A COLLECTIVE HUMAN RIGHT TO PUBLIC HEALTH, Fall, 2005, 37 Colum. Human Rights L. Rev. 101, Columbia Human Rights Law Review, Lexis Nexis) “At the societal level, global financial institutions disadvantage public health structures… alleviate the insalubrious burdens of globalization.”

Globalization risks massive inequalities that lead to global wars civil strife that kills millions Barraclough, 1994 (Solon, Former Director of the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, “The Perils of ‘Free Trade’”, June 10, [|http://www.sunsonline.org/trade/areas/environm/06100094.htm)] “The warnings of imminent global environmental collapse induced by… pressures on the environment would worsen.”

After considering multiple philosophical perspectives:

The United States federal government should pass and implement the African Health Capacity Investment Act of 2007. Requisite funding Guaranteed.
Contention 3 – It’s the time for the US to act Only the passage and implementation African Health Capacity Investment Act of 2007 can reverse the effects of brain drain and set up the infrastructure and send the needed medical personnel to overcome the disparities Durbin, 2007 (The office of Sen. Richard Durbin. “Bipartisan group of senators introduce African health capacity investment act of 2007” March 7, 2007. Lexis) “A bipartisan group of Senators today introduced the… the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.”

The US stands at a cross roads today, if it is willing to provide care for those in Africa that currently have none if can reaffirm the notion that healthcare is a right challenging the current social norms of globalization Meier and Mori, 2005 (Benjamin Mason and Larisa M., International Development and Globalization Fellow, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University. and J.D./M.P.H. Candidate, University of California, Los Angeles; B.A., University of California, Los Angeles. THE HIGHEST ATTAINABLE STANDARD: ADVANCING A COLLECTIVE HUMAN RIGHT TO PUBLIC HEALTH, Fall, 2005, 37 Colum. Human Rights L. Rev. 101, Columbia Human Rights Law Review, Lexis Nexis) “Every individual positive right includes its underlying determinants… the mantle of a human right to public health.”

The current US approach fails to even the playing field between the west and sub-Saharan Africa. Now is the crucial time for the US and others to fulfill their ethical obligations and destroy these inequalities Benatar and Fox, 2005 Solomon R Benatar, Dept. of Medicine and Bioethics @ Cape Town U and Renee C. Fox, Dept. of Sociology and Center for Bioethics @ Penn U, 2005 (“Meeting Threats to Global Health: a Call for American Leadership,” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 48.3, p. 344-361) “Current and widening disparities in health around the world…1995; Buchanan 2001; Lyons 1994; Ste-vens 2001).”

The act of the 1AC giving doctors and money to Africa to overcome the health crisis allows for healthcare to become a universal right within sub-Saharan Africa overcoming individualism and creating a universal ethic Meier and Mori, 2005 (Benjamin Mason and Larisa M., International Development and Globalization Fellow, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University. and J.D./M.P.H. Candidate, University of California, Los Angeles; B.A., University of California, Los Angeles. THE HIGHEST ATTAINABLE STANDARD: ADVANCING A COLLECTIVE HUMAN RIGHT TO PUBLIC HEALTH, Fall, 2005, 37 Colum. Human Rights L. Rev. 101, Columbia Human Rights Law Review, Lexis Nexis) “The term "public health' refers generally to the obligations… are available, accessible, and acceptable to all. 87”

Racism Advantage
AIDS has become a black plague, killing parents, destroying infrastructure and food sources and systematically destroying an entire continent all because the US has failed to act because of globalized racism Fidler, 2003 (David P., Professor of Law and Ira C. Batman Faculty Fellow, Indiana University School of Law, Bloomington, Indiana, "AMERICAN PRESENCE ABROAD: U.S. FOREIGN POLICY & ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR GENDER, RACE & JUSTICE ARTICLE: Racism or Realpolitik? U.S. Foreign Policy and the HIV/AIDS Catastrophe in Sub-Saharan Africa", Spring 2003, 7 J. Gender Race & Just. 97, Lexis Nexis) "Death Stalks a Continent:" 25 The HIV/AIDS Catastrophe in Sub-Saharan Africa

The US’s failure to provide affordable treatment to is the result of a racist mentatility – people in Africa are sacrificed because it’s not the key to winning elections. Bradol 2003 (President of Doctors Without Borders – France – 2003 (Jean-Hervé, MD, “Invisible: Do sick people with no money need to become rich before we see that we can keep them alive?,” [|http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/ar/i2003/invisible.cfm)] “Outside of armed conflict, victims sacrificed to the creation of the political”

Racism leads to nuclear war and extinction Joel Kovel, Professor of Social Studies at Bard College, 1970 ("White Racism: a Psychohistory", p. 226) “This change, a rise in white reaction, involves the”

Secondly you have a moral obligation to prevent children from becoming orphans- it’s the worst pain imaginable and destroys their value of life Kiser 1999 (Roger Dean, an orphan, “Introduction,” [|http://www.rogerdeankiser.com/Introduction.htm)] “It is my intention, through my stories”
 * gender modified

= = =BRAIN DRAIN (ORIGINAL VERSION)= Contention 1: Inherency Despite recent increases in public health aid, Africa lacks effective public health infrastructure and medical professionals to handle the aid Friedman 6/11/07

([|http://phrblog.orgbraindrain/2007/06/11/global-fund-at-a-crossrads/)]

Additionally, health care worker shortages are particularly acute in poor rural areas Physicians for Human Rights 04 ([|http://physiciansforhumanrights.org/library/documents/reports/report-2004-july.pdf)]

Advantage 1: Poverty The current US approach to address African health disparities fail to address the roots of poverty. Now is the crucial time for the US to fulfill its ethical obligations to address these inequalities. Benatar and Fox 05

(“meeting threats to global health: a call for American leadership,” Perspectives in biology and medicine 48.3, p. 344-361)

Respect for otherness is key to prevent extinction—the sacred order which closes off otherness is the root cause of oppression, dehumanization, and violence- there is no value to life in this framework- justifying genocidal extermination and global conflict. Fasching 93 (The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima, p. 155-7)

To be free of poverty should be a human right, as it is brutal, locking individuals through a lack of education into a continuous cycle of poverty Speth 98

(Poverty: a denial of human rights journal of international Affairs. New York: fall 1998. Vol. 52, Iss. 1)

The impacts of poverty outweigh their impacts—the impacts are systemic and it’s the equivalent of an ongoing, unending, thermonuclear war every year. Abu-Jamal 98

(http://www. Angelfire.com/az/catchphaze/mumaiaswords.html)

Advantage 2: AIDS-democracy style The lack of physicians in Africa due to migration allows for the spread of HIV/AIDS Mullan 05

([|http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/353/17/1810)]

And, all current policies to cure AIDS are irrelevant since there are not enough health case workers to care for the patients—only the affirmative can transform the way that health care is done in Africa International Herald Tribune 5/24/07

([|http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/05/24/africa/AF-GEN-Africa-Dying-for-Doctors.php)]

Additionally, AIDS hurts Africa’s ability to build a professional class in Africa. This professional class is a prerequisite for effective governance Neilson 05

(“AIDS economics and Terrorism in Africa” Lexis)

AIDS destroys democratic governance by killing voters and politicians alike and breeks brutal authoritarian regimes—must address AIDS for effective democracy in Africa De Waal 06

(AIDS and Power: Why there is no political crisis—Yet)

Democratic institution are able to stop corruption Reuters 07

(http://www.alertnet.org/the news/newsdesk/IRIN/4341f783c64cd96d67ccd82f7bbb4d45.htm)

African democracy solves famine conflict and refugee crisis Siegle 06

(www.thebrenthurstfoundation.org/files/Africa_beyond_aid/African_Democracy_and_AidSiegle.doc)

Refugee crisis create conflicts, instigate civil wars and start genocides Salehyan and Gleditsch 04

([|http://dss.uesd.edu/~kgledits/papers/Salehyan_Gleditsch.pdf)]

Unfortunately, AIDS exacerbates the family risk and makes the consequences of famine far worse. Failure to effectively address AIDS destroys communities creating orphans impoverishing families, Exacerbating food shortages, and setting the foundation for all future wars. Behrman 04

(The invisible people: How the united states has slept through the global AIDS pandemic, the greates humanitarians catastrophe of our time, xi-xxi)

In addition to AIDS crisis, Africa is the most at risk in the world over 200 million are on the bring of death cause of famine already Trudell 05

(Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, 33 Syracuse J. Intl L & Com. 277)

After considering multiple philosophical perspectives, we offer the following plan:

The United States federal government should pass and implement the African Health Capacity Investment Act of 2007. Requisite funding guaranteed.
Contention 4: Solvency Only the passage and implementation African Health capacity investment Act of 2007 can reverse the effects of brain drain and set up the infrastructure and send the needed medical personnel to overcome the crisis Senator Durbin, 07

(“Bipartisan group of senators introduce African health capacity investment act of 2007” March 7, 2007. US FEDNEWS Lexis)

The AHCIA solves a lack of health care capacity by setting up the necessary infrastructure to retain, maintain, and pay for doctors in Africa. Africa News 07

(“US Senate to tackle massive health worker shortage” AllAfrica, Inc. Africa News. March 7, 2007, Lexis)

The US must lead on health issues in Africa. The US is in a unique position to develop a paradigm in public health Benatar and Fox 05

([|http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/perspectives_in_biology_and_medicine/v048/48.3benatar.html)]

Failure to build effective infrastructure and health care capacity makes all other efforts to address AIDS ineffective Schrecker and Labonte 04

([|http://www.ijoeh.com/pdfs/1004_Schrecker.pdf)]

=AIDS POLICY AFF=

(Didier, __WHEN BODIES REMEMBER: EXPERIENCES AND POLITICS OF AIDS IN SOUTH AFRICA__ TM) p xvii-xix Gostin 2000 (Lawrence, __Public Health Law: Power, Duty, Restraint__) p 17
 * The USFG should substantially increase its public health assistance to so-called sub-Saharan Africa. **
 * Debates about Africa and AIDS must be understood in the history of public health and health care. Only through a historical look can we understand the comlexitites of the present and the actions required in the future **
 * FASSIN, ** professor University of Paris**, 2007**
 * A public health approach and an examination of public health provide the framework for the historical look. **

Fidler 2003 (spring 2003 6 J. Gender Race and Just. 97 lexis) “as with previous sections, attempting a twenty-year analysis” (Didier, __WHEN BODIES REMEMBER: EXPERIENCES AND POLITICS OF AIDS IN SOUTH AFRICA__ TM) xii-xiv (Didier, __WHEN BODIES REMEMBER: EXPERIENCES AND POLITICS OF AIDS IN SOUTH AFRICA__ TM) 172-173 Benatar and Fox 2005 (__perspectives in biology and medicine__ 48.3) “current and widening disparties in health around the world”
 * For the past thirty years the US has watched the AIDS pandemic ravage Africa and they have done nothing all because it was not a direct security threat or because it did not benefit our global image as a superpower. Four presidents have allowed this image to persist doing nothing until the threat began to overwhelm the west and only then was intervention conducted. The question we ask is why? **
 * Understanding this history is necessary to overcome the political anesthesia tha has resulted from these singularly focused policies. Only a historical understanding of AIDS in Africa allows us to understand otherness and implement effective social responses. **
 * FASSIN, ** professor University of Paris**, 2007**
 * Specifically sq efforts to increase ARVs and other programs ignores the root causes and conditions surrounding AIDS. The past limits the future unless we recognize that the history of AIDS and the present. **
 * FASSIN, ** professor University of Paris**, 2007**
 * The United States must reexamine its policies and it must look to the root causes of issues. Only the examination of history can reverse the global inequalities of health. **

Fasching 1993 __The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima__ pg 155-157 Der derian 1998 Columbia International Affairs Online, [|www.cionet.org/book/lipshutz/lipshutz12.html] “the rapidity of change in the international theory”
 * US must take a stand to address inequality by embracing a respect and ethic to the other. Failure to do so justifies genocidal extermination and global conflict as well as perpetuates the root causes of oppression, dehumanization and violence **
 * The current world politics is centered on the notion of security, that has left billions dead justified genocides and will culminate in the extinction of humanity if left unchecked. **