Gulliver+Prep+MM+-+Jordan+Moliver+&+Scott+Moliver+neg

Gulliver Prep MM – Negative

EU CP

TEXT: THE EUROPEAN UNION SHOULD [INSERT MANDATES OF THE PLAN]

THE EU DEVELOPMENT POLICY CAN SOLVE PUBLIC HEALTH, HUMAN RIGHTS, DEMOCRACY, AND GOOD GOVERNENCE IN AFRICA

European Union Development Policy, Message from Commissioner Louis Michel, 2006.

This assertion is a belief I hold personally. ,,,, and will, make this happen.

THE EU CAN DISTRIBUTE AID THROUGH THE EU-AFRICA PARTNERSHIP – MASSIVE BUDGET

Corporate Europe Observatory, 2007 European Commission aid in sub-Saharan Africa, opportunities for Suez? http://www.corporateeurope.org/suezinafrica.html

The European Commission has numerous aid …by private firms, including Suez.

EU solves – LARGE FINANCING AND EXISITNG TIES

European Commission, 2001 The European Union: A Global Player, http://www.delsyr.ec.europa.eu/en/eu_global_player/5.htm

The Union is the developing world's main partner, …economic and political weight the EU can make an impact.

China cp

China should [do the plan] by accelerating its assistance provided to Africa through the Forum on China-Africa Co-operation.

China has a longstanding history of health diplomacy with Africa – it can provide effective assistance

Van de Looy – African Studies Centre in Leiden- 2006 (July-Sep, Judith “Africa and China: A strategic partnership?” http://www.idsa.in/publications/strategic-analysis/2006/jul-sep06/JudithLooy090107.pdf)

Today, relations between China and Africa are …population based on expertise and trust.

The CP solves all of case – China has tons of medical personnel and is empirically successful at providing public health assistance.

King – 6 (Kenneth, university of Hong Kong and University of Edinburgh, “Aid within the Wider China-Africa Partnership: A view from the Beijing Summit”, May 11, http://www.cctr.ust.hk/china-africa/papers/King,Kenneth.pdf)

When we turn now to look specifically …(Fang Yuanmin quoted in Xiao 2006).

And, the Forum on China-African Cooperation provides an effective mechanism for the PRC to multilaterally engage Africa to solve problems

PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs – January 2006 (“China’s Africa Policy,” http://www.chinaembassy-canada.org/eng/zxxx/t230615.htm) Launched in 2000, the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation has …cooperation between the Forum and the NEPAD.

Japan Cp

text: the japan international cooperation agency should

observation one – solvency

jica provides assistance for hiv/aids, water, education, poverty reduction, and infrastructure.

JICA Annual Report 2006 (Part II: JICA’s Regional Activities/Chapter 3: Africa, Japan International Cooperation Agency, http://www.jica.go.jp/english/resources/publications/annual/2006/pdf/053-057.pdf)

Poverty Reduction as the …of sharing cooperation experience in other regions.

Consult Japan

TEXT: The United States Federal Government will enter into binding consultation with the government of Japan on whether or not to…

…and will implement the outcome of consultation. We’ll clarify.

OBSERVATION ONE IS COMPETITION:

The affirmative is immediate, guaranteed plan action. You can’t enact the plan unconditionally and condition if on Japan’s acceptance.

First, fiat assumes the plan happens no matter what; otherwise the 1AC could spike out of all negative offense by saying the plan is delayed or unenforced.

Second, there’s no solvency for non-enforced plan action; the government would roll back the plan absent enforcement.

OBSERVATION TWO IS THE NET BENEFIT:

FIRST, THE ALLIANCE WILL INEVITABLY COLLAPSE NOW.

Mochizuki 97 

The time has come to strike a new strategic …security relationship before such a crisis occurs.

AND, US WITHDRAWAL CAUSES JAPAN TO GO NUCLEAR RESULTING IN ARMS RACES, PROLIFERATION AND WORLD WAR.

Khalilzad 1995 

The same is also true of Japan. Given a U.S. withdrawal …world war even more catastrophic than the last.

OBSERVATION THREE IS SOLVENCY:

GENUINE AND BINDING CONSULTATION PRIOR TO IMPLEMENTATION STRENGTHENS AND RESTRUCTURES THE ALLIANCE.

Mochizuki, Senior Fellow @ Brookings Institute, 1997 

As the U.S.-Japan alliance becomes more reciprocal, …relationships with the major West European allies.

China energy security DA

Unique Internal Link—China influence is high because of the lack of U.S. aid an increase in aid would hurt Chinese influence

Boston Globe, 6/03/2007 (“Into Africa - As China becomes a major influence in Africa, it faces mounting resistance and a profound dilemma: How does a nation devoted to nonintervention become a global power?” Lexis)

A more confident Chinese leadership has chosen to demonstrate …of the Central Committee’s Policy Research Office.

Link—Plan causes a constant hot resource war between the U.S. and China

Eisenman and Kurlantzick May 06 (Joshua, Assistant Director of China Studies at The Nixon Center, Joshua, Fellow at the USC School of Public Diplomacy and the Pacific Council on International Policy, “China’s African Strategy”, Current History, Vol.105 Iss. 691 Pg. 219)

Even as the United States has largely ignored African …of Maputo and other African capitals.

Resource competition in Africa undermines relations and nationalism, causing wars, environmental destruction and economic collapse culminating in extinction

Heinrich Kreft, Senior Foreign Policy Advisor to the CDU/CSU Parliamentary Group in the German Bundestag, Former Deputy Head of Policy Planning and Senior Strategic Analyst of the German Foreign Ministry, Hoover Institute Policy Review, Oct / Nov, 2006 (http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/4824886.html)

China is responding to these challenges by …each other’s energy insecurities and develop new ways for cooperation.

China oil da

A. China is winning the competition for African influence because of its provision of unconditional aid

Chau, 07 (Donovan, Adjunct Faculty member and member of the University graduate faculty in the Department of Defense and Strategic Studies, Missouri State University, “POLITICAL WARFARE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: U.S. CAPABILITIES AND CHINESE OPERATIONS IN ETHIOPIA, KENYA, NIGERIA, AND SOUTH AFRICA”, March, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB766.pdf)

PRC political warfare operations followed a similar …means of furthering U.S. interests abroad.207

B. Public health initatives are key to China's influence - the plan challenges China's influence

Gill, et al, 06 (Bates, Center for Strategic and International Studies, “China’s Expanding Role in Africa Implications for the United States”, 12/1, Report of the CSIS Delegation to China on China-Africa-U.S. Relations, http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/chinainafrica.pdf)

China, in its quest for a …to provide a durable foundation for a future strategic partnership.

C. U.S. and Chinese influence in Africa is zero-sum--Africa will choose between the U.S. and Chinese models of development. Increasing U.S. health assistance will be a determinant choice in whether Africa accepts the U.S. or turns to China

McLeary, 07 (Paul, staff writer for the Columbia Journalism Review, “A Different Kind of Great Game”, March, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3744&print=1)

In such a fight, China’s unfettered aid would seem to …term health and stability that the United States is promising.

D. The Chinese model is vital to securing Chinese access to African oil—it’s vital to the Chinese economy

Pan, 07 (Esther, Council on Foreign Relations, “China, Africa, and Oil”, 1/26, http://www.cfr.org/publication/9557/)

China's booming economy, which has averaged …increasing supplies of oil from African countries.

This is vital to the stability of the ruling party

Zweig and Jianhai, 05 (David, director of the Center on China's Transnational Relations at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and Bi, post-doctoral fellow at the Center, Foreign Affairs, “China’s Global Hunt for Energy”, September/October, proquest)

An unprecedented need for resources is now … government to devise strategies for the top rung of the Communist Party.

And, Regime instability causes nuclear, chemical, and biological lashout

Renxing, 05 (Sen, staff writer, The Epoch Times, (a privately owned Falon-Gong linked newspaper) August 3, 2005, “CCP Gambles Insanely to Avoid Death” http://www.theepochtimes.com/news/5-8-3/30931.html)

Since the Party’s life is “above all else,” it would not …billion people hostage and gamble with their lives.

China soft power da

A. Africa is a litmus test for China’s global power – its perceived imperialism is causing backlash in Africa. It must shift towards programs designed for the mutual benefit of Africa to solidify its soft power and global leadership

Kurlantzick 2007 – Visiting Scholar in Carnegie Endowment’s China Program [Joshua Kurlantzick, “Into Africa - As China becomes a major influence in Africa, it faces mounting resistance and a profound dilemma: How does a nation devoted to nonintervention become a global power?,” June 3, Lexis]

EMBARKING UPON A 12-day tour of Africa …the African continent and, potentially, the world.

B. China is competing with the U.S. over influence in Africa—the counterplan boosts China’s ability to win African partnerships and Chinese soft power while the plan would kill china’s soft power

Gill, et al, 06 (Bates, Center for Strategic and International Studies, “China’s Expanding Role in Africa Implications for the United States”, 12/1, Report of the CSIS Delegation to China on China-Africa-U.S. Relations, http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/chinainafrica.pdf)

China, in its quest for a closer strategic partnership with Africa, has increasingly …a future strategic partnership.

C. Chinese soft power is critical to preventing a Taiwanese push for independence

Gill and Huang 2006 (Bates holds the CSIS Freeman Chair in China, Yanzhong is an assistant professor at the John Whitehead School of Diplomacy and International Relations, Survival, “Sources and limits of Chinese 'soft power',” Volume 48 Issue 2 June, pg 17-36, http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/section?content=a747985000&fulltext=713240928)

A most intriguing example of China's soft …more than $100bn on the mainland.

D. Taiwanese push for independence will escalate into a global nuclear holocaust

Hsiung 01 – Professor of Politics and International Law at NYU [James, 21st Century World Order and the Asia Pacific, p. 359-360]

Admittedly, it is harmless for an analyst like …geopolitical peace in the Asia Pacific region.

Japan Alliance da

japanese soft power is low but its institutions are trying to recover its diplomacy.

Posen 2002 (Adam S., June 21, “Japan’s Distraction by Regional Economic Integration”, Peter G. Peterson Institute for International Economics, http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/paper.cfm?ResearchID=471)

Japanese motivations and goals …States with regards to trade policy).

japanese foreign aid to development projects is necessary to increase its soft power.

Lincoln 2003 (Edward J., senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Japan: Using Power Narrowly”, The Washington Quarterly 27:1, p. 111-127, Winter 2003-4)

Japanese foreign aid peaked at $16 …the longer-term trend of shrinking foreign aid.13

increased japanese power is necessary to strengthen the u.s.-japan relationship into a sustainable and equal affiliation.

Okada 2005 (Katsuya, President of the Democratic Party of Japan, “Toward Realization of Enlightened National Interest”, May 18, http://www.dpj.or.jp/vision/vision-e/summary.html)

Japan's foreign policy in the past has been …inspiring when envisioning Japan's future.

lastly, a strong u.s.-japan alliance is necessary to prevent proliferation in asia which would lead to miscalculation, preemption, and retaliatory war.

Friedberg 1993/1994 (Aaron L., Associate Prof. of Politics and Internat’l Affairs at Princeton and Director of Research Program in International Security at Princeton’s Center of International Studies, International Security, Vol. 18, No. 3, Winter, p. 5-33, “Ripe for Rivalry: Prospects for Peace in a Multipolar Asia”, available at JSTOR)

If the prospective costs of war appear unduly high and …yet likely misperceptions will become. "69.

Oil investment da

While investment in African oil has increased, it’s still minuscule.

Harsh 05 (Ernest Harsch, managing editor of the UN quarterly magazine Africa Renewal, 1/05, "Investors start to eye Africa: Hurdles to productive foreign investment remain high," Africa Renewal, Vol.18 #4, http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol18no4/184invest.htm)

Usually, when investors look around for someplace to put their …high enough to reduce poverty.

AIDS and other health problems contribute to a perception of instability in Africa that prevents foreign investment in oil.

Harsh 05 (Ernest Harsch, managing editor of the UN quarterly magazine Africa Renewal, 1/05, "Investors start to eye Africa: Hurdles to productive foreign investment remain high," Africa Renewal, Vol.18 #4, http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol18no4/184invest.htm)

Foreign investors also cite Africa's broader problems as deterrents. …and combat AIDS and other debilitating health problems.

Increasing foreign aid will help restore confidence and increase investment.

Dr. Carol Lancaster, distinguished professor at Georgetown's School of Foreign Service and has been active in the U.S. government, “Economic development and investment in sub-Saharan Africa”, Law and Policy in International Business. Volume: 30. Issue: 4. Publication Year: 1999

Obviously, the kind of investment is important. It makes a …Saharan Africa in significant amounts.

Fuel cells are coming and will solve peak oil, but peak oil is almost upon us.

Jeremy Rifkin, noted thinker and futurist, President of the Foundation on Economic Trends, 04/28/06, http://premierespeakers.com/1983/index.cfm

Rifkin observes that we are fast approaching a ...hydrogen fuel cell power plant at the Munich airport.

Increased oil supply destroys our focus on long-term goals of renewable energy.

Ethan Goffman, CSA (a worldwide information company) writer, “Global Oil Supply and United States Energy Policy”, 2005, http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/ern/05jun/overview.php

The United States' reaction to oil shortages …fine diplomatic line, for instance in Saudi Arabia.

Unmitigated peak oil causes extinction.

Dr. Malcolm Riddoch, Faculty of Communications and Creative Industries, Edith Cowan University, June 19, 2004, http://www.melbourne.indymedia.org/news/2004/06/72000_comment.php

There are lots of recent 2004 reports speculating …companions famine and pestilence.

Malthus

We have already overshot the carrying capacity of earth – environmental capacities are being destroyed and population rates are still rising exponentially

Carrying Capacity Network ’04 [Carrying Capacity Network Action Alert, April, http://www.carryingcapacity.org/04aa2.html]

Readers of the latest version of Limits will find some grim …will greatly exacerbate the aforementioned trends.



Assistance creates an expectation for prosperity which leads to less caution and restraint leading to larger family sizes which is the root cause of overpopulation

Abernethy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1993 (http://www.carryingcapacity.org/va2.html)

Between the end of World War II and 1970 fertility rates rose virtually …and to the absence of an emigration option.

Turns Case: For every life they save 10 will die in the crunch.

Ehrlich, 74 –Professor of Biology at Stanford University-1974 ( Paul June 16th The New York Times)

Furthermore, there are other pernicious fallacies in the “what we …is now moot, since we have no more surplus food.

The impact is extinction

Ehrlich & Ehrlich 1990 (Paul & Anne, Professors of Population Studies, Stanford University, The Population Explosion, p. 187)

The population explosion contributes …time scale of years rather than weeks.

This argument may sound cruel and unkind, but ethics are unsustainable in the world of overpopulation—no one will abide by the ethical mandates when they need to pillage scares resources to survive.

Herschel Elliott, Professor Emeritus Philosophy at the University of Florida. “A General Statement of the Tragedy of the Commons.” February 1997. http://www.dieoff.org/page121.htm

That leads to pragmatic refutation of the belief that moral knowledge …of the commons – the collapse of both environment and society.

Latin America Tradeoff DA

The budget climate is tight and Congress will require zero-sum offsets of health and development spending

Sessions, 06 - analyst at the Centre for Global Development (Myra, Blog – “The PMI Turns One - How Will We Measure Success?”, Global Health Policy Blog, 7/6, http://blogs.cgdev.org/globalhealth/2006/07/the_pmi_turns_o.php)

In a July 1 editorial, the Lancet (free registration required) praised the … about the successes and opportunities of the initiatives.

Latin America is the lowest priority – it is funded now but will be cut to make up for the plan

Sanchez, 06 (Marcela, “Linking foreign aid and security”, San Diego Tribune, 1/28, http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060128/news_lz1e28sanchez.html

Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice last week announced …investment, and to improve the lives of their people.”

USAID is preventing deforestation in the Amazon

Franco, 04 - Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean, USAID (Adolfo, "Foreign Assistance Priorities for the Western Hemisphere," 3/2, http://www.ciponline.org/colombia/040302fran.htm)

Overall, USAID is programming its development …deforestation in several South American protected reserves.

Amazon collapse leads to extinction

Takacs, 1996 - teaches environmental humanities (history, ethics, justice, politics) in the Institute for Earth Systems Science and Policy at California State (David, “The Idea of Biodiversity: Philosophies of Paradise,” 1996, pg. 200-201)

So biodiversity keeps the world running. It has value …of the next century - not with a bang but a whimper.14

Spending

A. Uniqueness

B) Link – off-budget plan kills discipline

Greenspan, ’96 (Former FRB Chairman, 4-17, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, 142 Cong Rec H 3497)

On behalf of myself and the other members of …and ability of the government to control federal spending.

C) Internal Link – Discipline key to deficit reduction

Cohen, 07 (The Concord Coalition, May 17, http://www.concordcoalition.org/press/2007/070517release-budgetconference.htm)

The Concord Coalition said today that the Congressional …Coalition executive director Robert L. Bixby.

D) Perceived loss of fiscal discipline independently cripples economy

Bergsten, C. Fred, director of the Institute for International Economics, "The Risks Ahead for the World Economy," Economist, 9/9 2004, http://www.economist.com/opinion/displayStory.cfm?story_id=3172404

Robert Rubin, former secretary of the Treasury…not inevitable but neither is it unlikely.

E) Runaway spending and deficits cause a global depression.

Schiller, ’97 (Economics Professor – American University, Los Angeles Times, 6-6, Lexis)

The ever-cautious budget office hints at the kind of disaster that …U.S. deficit might trigger another Great Depression.

F) Impact – War

Mead, ’92 (CFR Senior Fellow, NPQ, Summer, Pg. 30)

What if the global economy stagnates, or …German and Japan did in the 1930's.