Colleyville+DH+-+Evan+DeFillippis+&+James+Hamraie+aff

=Air force= AFRICOM won’t have enough deployed aircraft Air Force Times ‘7 [Official: AfriCom will need Air Force aircraft, December 5, http://www.airforcetimes.com/news/2007/12/airforce_africom_standup_071203w/]

The newly formed in the region.

Spending on military medical health is low and Congress won’t approve a substantial increase in the ’09 budget Federal News Service 4/16 [2008, HEARING OF THE DEFENSE SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE; SUBJECT: DEFENSE DEPARTMENT MEDICAL PROGRAMS; WITNESSES: LIEUTENANT GENERAL ERIC SCHOOMAKER, ARMY SURGEON GENERAL; VICE ADMIRAL ADAM ROBINSON JR., NAVY SURGEON GENERAL; LIEUTENANT GENERAL JAMES ROUDEBUSH, AIR FORCE SURGEON GENERAL; CHAIRED BY: SENATOR DANIEL INOUYE (D-HI); ln]

SEN. INOUYE: chairman, Senator Stevens.

Continued funding for the AFMS is key to its success Federal News Service 4/16 [2008, HEARING OF THE DEFENSE SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE; SUBJECT: DEFENSE DEPARTMENT MEDICAL PROGRAMS; WITNESSES: LIEUTENANT GENERAL ERIC SCHOOMAKER, ARMY SURGEON GENERAL; VICE ADMIRAL ADAM ROBINSON JR., NAVY SURGEON GENERAL; LIEUTENANT GENERAL JAMES ROUDEBUSH, AIR FORCE SURGEON GENERAL; CHAIRED BY: SENATOR DANIEL INOUYE (D-HI); ln]

GEN. ROUDEBUSH: Thank you, sir.

and I look forward to your questions. Thank you, sir.

Plan: the United States federal government should provide necessary resources to the Air Force Medical Service to conduct increased medical readiness missions limited to public health assistance and medical response to disasters under the International Health Specialists Program in the topically designated regions.

Advantage 1: Hard power Military medicine through the airforce is key to global credibility and supplements hard power elements of the military Ward et al 2 [Jane, Colonel Kerrie G. Lindberg, Major Daniel McNulty, Major Mona Ternus; former director and manager of the International Health Specialist Program, administrator of the Surgeon General’s Tactical Action Team, http://www.airpower.au.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj02/fal02/phifal02.html]

Now that the Cold War has ended, the national

specialist (IHS) program

Air force healthcare delivery is key to readiness—aerial evacuations and health delivery abroad builds the competency that is key to overall readiness Roudebush 3/14 [2008, Statement of James G. Roudebush Surgeon General Department of Air Force, Committee on House Armed Services Subcommittee on Military Personnel, CQ Congressional Testimony, lexis]

It is important to understand

wounds rate in history.

American primacy accesses every major impact—the only threat to world peace is if we allow U.S. withdrawal Thayer, professor of security studies at Missouri State, November 06 (Bradley, The National Interest, “In Defense of Primacy”, November/December, p. 32-37)

A grand strategy based on American

AND, Military aid de-escalates disease threats that escalate to nuclear war Hooper '3 [Craig, lecturer at the Goldman School of Public Policy at the University of California at Berkeley. He served on the Chief of Naval Operations' Maritime Strategy Working Group at the Naval War College, "Projecting Biomedical Security," Naval Institute Proceedings 129:7, July, EBSCO]

Infectious disease response

Advantage 2: Soft power The Air Force International Health Specialists are key to global health engagement Taylor 3 [George P, Lieutenant General, “AF Medical Service Keeps Pace With Change,” http://www.usmedicine.com/column.cfm?columnID=111&issueID=46]

Established in the Spring

environments as well.

Soft power solves nuclear war Nye, 03 [Joseph, Distinguished Service Professor at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and previously served as dean there, The Paradox of American Power: Why the World's Only Superpower Can't Go It Alone]

America's power—hard and soft—

US health leadership solves diseases that lead to extinction Benetar and Fox 05 [Solomon R., Renee C. – prof of Medicine and Bioethics @ University of Cape Town and prof of Sociology and Bioethics @ University of Pennsylvania “Meeting Threats to Global Health: A call for American leadership,” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 48.3 (2005) 344-361, Project Muse]

Although the application

Advantage 3: Pandemics

Air force medical services solve a global pandemic that causes global economic collapse CARLTON 6 [ Lt Gen Paul K.., USAF, MC, CFS, surgeon general of the Air Force, Headquarters , functional manager of the USAF Medical Services , “NEW MILLENNIUM, NEW MIND SET: THE AIR FORCE MEDICAL SERVICE IN THE AIR EXPEDITIONARY ERA” AEROSPACE POWER JOURNAL, WINTER http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj01/win01/carlton.html]

The National Military

subsequent potential conflict.

That causes global war Lopez in 98 Bernardo V., Business World, September 10, pg. 12, LN

What would it be like if global recession becomes full ...few in most Third World nations.

Advantage 4: AFRICOM AFRICOM’s failure leads to inevitable US interventions into Africa --building partnerships with African countries by securing air bases ensures success Schaefer and Eaglen 3/21 [2008, Brett D. Schaefer, Fellow in Inter­national Regulatory Affairs in the Center for Freedom, Institute for International Studies, at The Heritage Foundation. Mackenzie M. Eaglen is Senior Policy Analyst for National Security in the Douglas and Sarah Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies, a division of the Davis Institute, at The Heritage Foundation, U.S. Africa Command: Challenges and Opportunities, http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/bg2118.cfm]

AFRICOM is not envisioned ...the lead-up to establishing AFRICOM.

Short term air power is key to AFRICOM’s success Ward 3/14 [2008, William, commander of AFRICOM, House Armed Services Committee, Africa: Ward Updates Congress on U.S. Africa Command, http://allafrica.com/stories/200803140764.html]

Our ability to conduct TSC and other activities...made available to AFRICOM.

Increased humanitarian assistance builds the capacities of regional governments and ensures AFRICOM’s success Ward 3/14 [2008, William, commander of AFRICOM, House Armed Services Committee, Africa: Ward Updates Congress on U.S. Africa Command, http://allafrica.com/stories/200803140764.html]

Strengthening our security cooperation

AFRICOM solves North African terrorism, which spills over to Iraq and other fronts in the war on terror Ward 3/14 [2008, William, commander of AFRICOM, House Armed Services Committee, Africa: Ward Updates Congress on U.S. Africa Command, http://allafrica.com/stories/200803140764.html]

Violent extremism is a source ...foreign fighters in Iraq.

Failure in Iraq emboldens global terrorism and causes attacks on the homeland Bush 4/10 [2008, Text of President Bush's remarks Thursday on Iraq, lexis]

Iraq is the convergence point

Resulting U.S. global retaliation causes multiple scenarios for nuclear war Corsi, 05 (Jerome, phD in political science from Harvard, excerpt from Atomic Iran, http://911review.org/Wget/worldnetdaily.com/NYC_hit_by_terrorist_nuke.html)

The combination of ...capable of exacting revenge.

= = =BIOTECH=

Text- United States Federal Government should grant to topically designated areas the ability to use staple crop agricultural biotechnology that is patented in the United States.
Contention One- Public Health Assistance Short-term food aid’s inevitable ensuring poverty---only long-term, sustainable support can break the cycle. One News 6 [“Famine in Africa getting worse”, July 24th, Source: Reuters via google search http://tvnz.co.nz/view/news_world_story_skin/795002] Food emergencies in… safety nets, Oxfam said. Undernourishment’s the number of public health issue Times of India 7 [Feb 8th, “Tropic of Hunger”, http://news.google.com/archivesearch?q= famine+sub-saharan&num=20&sa=N&cid=8620158276875528] Since the geography… a deeper malaise Contention Two- Biotech Competitiveness US competitiveness is rising and zero sum with other nations. US patents legitimized through the TRIPS agreement will ensure other countries can’t overtake US competitiveness as long as the US sustains market monopolies through patents. Dunn and Reifer 2, Christopher Chase-Project Director of Institute for Research on World-Systems, Thomas Reifer Research Associate, University of San Diego—(“ US Hegemony and Biotechnology: The geopolitics of new lead technology”, Institute for Research on World-Systems, Working Paper # 9, 2002, http://www.irows.ucr.edu/papers/irows9/irows9.htm Firms producing these…behind the U.S. Giving agricultural biotech for use by farmers in Africa would decrease US competitiveness Dunn 4--- Christopher Chase-Dunn: director Institute for Research on World-Systems; Armando Lara-Millan and Richard Niemeyer: Research Associates Institute for Research on World-Systems—(“Biotechnology in the global political economy”, Institute for Research on World-Systems, 3-15-04, [|http://www.irows.ucr.edu/research/biotech/isa04biotech.htm)] And the United

Even though China’s public biotech sector’s growing---Intellectual property concerns are implicating Chinese private sector competitiveness---leaving its industry struggling behind the US. Chen 7 -- PhD Agricultural Washington University—(Zhangliang “Chinese Agricultural Biotechnology in the Field”, Updated 20-Mar-2007, [|http://nabc.cals.cornell.edu/pubs/nabc_18/NABC18_Chen.pdf)] The Chinese government … number-two position China’s private agricultural sector’s key to its economysustaining public sector efforts. Current methods are unsustainable and ensure poverty. Hautea and Escaler 4--Randy A. Hautea: PHD & Director South-East Asia Center and Margarita Escaler: Manager Global Knowledge Center on Crop Biotechnology—(“Plant Biotechnology in Asia”, AgBioForum, 7(1&2), 2-8.) The importance of … to achieve this. Current Chinese biotech efforts are focused domestically Huang and Wang 2, Jikun Huang: Director, Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinfang Wang: Associate Professor, Biotechnology Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences —(“ Agricultural Biotechnology Development and Policy in China”, Volume 5, Number 4, Article 1, Journal of Agrobiotechnology Management and Economics, 2002, [|http://www.agbioforum.org/v5n4/v5n4a01-huang.htm)] Chinese policymakers… the domestic market. Increased agricultural trade’s key to the economy Huang and Wang 2, Jikun Huang: Director, Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinfang Wang: Associate Professor, Biotechnology Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences —(“ Agricultural Biotechnology Development and Policy in China”, Volume 5, Number 4, Article 1, Journal of Agrobiotechnology Management and Economics, 2002, [|http://www.agbioforum.org/v5n4/v5n4a01-huang.htm)] However, arguing for… economy and trade. Chinese technological economic power’s key to it’s economy and the economies in the rest of the world. Ikenberry 12/27/07— Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and the author of After Victory: Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Rebuilding of Order After Major Wars—(John, The Rise of China & the Future of the West, December 27, 2007, [|http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2007/12/the_rise_of_china_the_future_o.html)] The incentives these… the more powerful. And, Chinese key to the global economy. ABEYSINGHE 3, Department of Economics at the National University of Singapore, 03 (Tilak, China Economic Review, Volume 14, Issue 2, Pages 164-185) In this paper, we… the world economy. Impact’s extinction Bearden 2K T.E., LTC U.S. Army (Retired), [“The Unnecessary Energy Crisis: How to Solve It Quickly,” http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3aaf97f22e23.htm, June 24] History bears out that… at least for many decades.

Contention Three- US Corporations Scenario one’s African Water Shortages. There are massive water shortages in Africa now—GMO’s invented by US institutions can substantially decrease water usage and solve environmental stress. Counsel for Biotech Information 7 [“Researchers Are Making Progress on Drought-tolerant Crops”, http://www.whybiotech.com/index.asp?id=2967] New varieties of… need it most." African shortages spark nuclear war NASCA 6 National Association for Scientific & Cultural Appreciation “Water Shortages – Only A Matter Of Time.” [|http://www.nasca.org.uk/Strange_relics_/water/water.html)] Water is one… obvious answer Monsanto recently shed its pharmaceutical counter-part and is now totally dependent on its biotech sector. Empirically when the US failed protect Monsanto’s patents—Monsanto experienced negative growth-- Plan would kill Monsanto. Wall Street Journal 2 [August 21st, “Monsanto Faces Pure-Play Biotech Future”, Positioning Itself as Independent After Pharmacia Spinoff, Monsanto Company Must Tackle Some Difficult Issues, reported the Wall Street Journal, Google] Monsanto is getting… include Monsanto technology. Monsanto recently required the rights to Terminator technology which sterilizes farmer’s fields and forces farmers to continually buy Monsanto seeds. Despite international hostility, Monsanto will ensure strict compliance with their technology— dooming the world food supply resulting in extinction. Olsen 2k2 [Mary Jo, -- Terminator Unleashed, Patenting Life—Patenting Death-- “Terminator Trends: The Silent Spring of Farmers’ Rights: Seed Saving, the Public Sector, and Terminator Transnationals”, http://www.ratical.org/co-globalize/terminator.html, RAFI Paper series] On March 3, 1998 … 1.4 billion people Contention Three- Solvency The government can override restrictions of patented biotechnology to give Ag-Biotech to sub-Saharan Africa Trudell 5, Robert H., JD Candidate @ Syracuse Law, Fall 2005, Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, 33 Syracuse J. Int'l L. & Com. 277 Two weeks after… Saharan African diet. Plan elicits patents from corporations---giving right to use to sub-Saharan AfricaThis is the only way to raise awareness of the severity of hunger. Trudell 5, Robert H., JD Candidate @ Syracuse Law, Fall 2005, Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, 33 Syracuse J. Int'l L. & Com. 277 The balance of… continued security of us all. U.S. patents currently chill research and development in sub-Saharan Africa – public research facilities will latch onto the plan Trudell 5, Robert H., JD Candidate @ Syracuse Law, Fall 2005, Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, 33 Syracuse J. Int'l L. & Com. 277 Today, agricultural productivity… threatens global security.

U.S. patents currently chill research and development in sub-Saharan Africa Trudell 5, Robert H., JD Candidate @ Syracuse Law, Fall 2005, Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, 33 Syracuse J. Int'l L. & Com. 277

Today, agricultural productivity… threatens global security . 2AC Commonly Read Cards
Their dis-ad ignores the destitute and vulnerable. It shapes policies from a paternal, top- down approach that dooms them to fail. Bottom-up approaches are critical to reinforcing an effective approach to hunger. Onora O'Neill, Principal of Newman College @ Cambridge University, 19**__93__**, Ending World Hunger, World Hunger and Moral Obligation, 2nd edition, 19%, pg. 105-106, Murrell The Scope of… and local action.

Historically—biotech has been the only way to get impoverished countries out of poverty—1970’s Asia proves. ADB 1 [“Agricultural Biotechnology, Poverty Reduction, and Food Security”, http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/Agri_Biotech/default.asp, Introduction] Science and technology… Asia since 1970. Poverty is the root cause of population growth Rosset and Gershman 95 [“Myths and Root Causes: Hunger, Population, and Development, March, Shea Cunningham and Marilyn Borchadt, Food First] The world population… foregone income. Overpopulation is the single greatest threat to human survival---the Earth is reaching its ecological limit and we must act now Smail 4, Ken, Anthropology at Kenyon College, Sept/Oct 2004 ([|http://www.worldwatch.org/system/files/EP175M.pdf)] Obviously, a demographic… the early 1980s.

Plan’s key to build cooperation around continental problems and forge a renewed relationship. Haley et al 5, Akukwe and Jammeh—Haley: former United States ambassador to Gambia. Akukwe: member of the board of directors of the Constituency for Africa/former vice chairman of the National Council for International Health, Jammeh: chair-emeritus of the Africa Society, comprised of African professionals working in the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund--(George, Chinua, Sidi, “Re-Energizing United States-Africa Relations”, March 21, 2005, [|http://www.worldpress.org/print_article.cfm?article_id=2170&dont=yes)] 3. Accelerate macroeconomic … solve continental problems. That solves terrorism Haley et al 5, Akukwe and Jammeh—Haley: former United States ambassador to Gambia. Akukwe: member of the board of directors of the Constituency for Africa/former vice chairman of the National Council for International Health, Jammeh: chair-emeritus of the Africa Society, comprised of African professionals working in the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund--(George, Chinua, Sidi, “Re-Energizing United States-Africa Relations”, March 21, 2005, [|http://www.worldpress.org/print_article.cfm?article_id=2170&dont=yes)] As President George W… __United States and Africa.__ Terrorism sparks extinction Sid-Ahmed 4, Political Analyst, 2K4 (Mohamed, “Extinction!” Al-Ahram Weekly On-Line, August 26 – September 1, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg /2004/705/op5.htm) We have reached… all be losers.

Politics Link Turns
Dems love plan and key to the agenda IHT 7, 1-3-7 "drug makers face tougher scrutiny" Public loves the plan Prakash 7 [Professor, College of Agriculture Tuskegee University, “Benefits of Biotechnology for Developing Countries, http://www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/topics/dev-world/benefits.html] B. That’s Key to agenda Edwards and Wayne 99. [George C. III, Distinguished Professor of Apolitical Science at Texas A&M University and Stephen J, Professor of Government at Georgetown University. //Presidential Leadership: Politics and Policy Making.// Pg.342 ]

=CDC Surveillance= Plan: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention should substantially increase avian flu health assistance to topically designated areas.

Advantage 1: Avian Influenza Asian efforts to contain Bird Flu have been successful, but efforts in Africa fail due to inadequate surveillance. Davis 7 [The Guardian (London) February 7th, Mike Davis is professor of history at the University of California, Irvine, and the author of The Monster at Our Door: The Global Threat of Avian Flu, “The west has failed to back up its rhetoric by helping countries that will be on the front line of any human pandemic”, google] Africa’s the hotspot for mutation Ababa 6 [Addis, Commissioner of Rural Economy and Agriculture of the African Union, “Avian Flue: Possible Outbreak, Economic Importance and Emergency Preparedness Intiative in Africa” http://www.africa-union.org/Rural%20Agriculture/Avian%20Flu/Avian%20Influenza%20-%20INFORMATION.pdf ]

A mild flu outbreak collapses the global economy Canadian Press Newswire 5, 8/16/2005

Impact’s extinction Bearden 2K T.E., LTC U.S. Army (Retired), [“The Unnecessary Energy Crisis: How to Solve It Quickly,” http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3aaf97f22e23.htm, June 24]

Leadership on avian flu is key curb terrorism Frist 6, M.D., 6 (William H. Frist, M.D., Majority Leader of the U.S. Senate, “Creating a U.S. Global Health Corps,” published in The American Interest, Winter 2006, vol. 1, no. 2, http://www.the-american-interest.com/ai2/article.cfm?Id=36&MId=2, was originally a letter to Senate on 12-6-2005, JMP) Impact’s extinction Sid-Ahmed 4, Political Analyst, 2K4 (Mohamed, “Extinction!” Al-Ahram Weekly On-Line, August 26 – September 1, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg /2004/705/op5.htm)

Contention 2: The BWC

The BWC could easily unravel now---.

Tucker 4 [Jonathan B. Tucker is a Senior Fellow in the Washington, D.C. office of Center of Nonproliferation Studies, where he specializes in chemical and biological weapons issues. – – Spring http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol11/111/111tucker.pdf] US action through disease surveillance boosts it’s support for the BWC. Borrie & Loye 5 (John Borrie leads a project on ‘Disarmament as Humanitarian Action’ at the UN Institute for Disarmament Affairs in Geneva. Previously he worked in the Mines-Arms Unit of the ICRC, and before that he was New Zealand ’s deputy head of mission for disarmament in Geneva and working on biological disarmament issues. Dominique Loye Deputy Head of the Mines-Arms Unit of the International Committee of the Red Cross in Geneva. His current work covers issues related to weapons and international humanitarian law. African Security Review Vol 14 No 1, [|http://www.iss.co.za/index.php?link_id=3&slink_id=1978&link_type=12&slink_type=12&tmpl_id=3)]

US criticism and weak efforts to support the BWC are sparking member state opposition and causing massive delays which derail convention efforts.

Ruppe 2— Global Security Newswire—(David, “BWC: Conference Approves BW Nonproliferation Work Plan”, November 15, 2002 issue, [|http://www.nti.org/d_newswire/issues/thisweek/2002_11_20_biow.html)] United States compliance with the BWC via singular protocols---“becomes focus for other efforts” and mitigates unilateral perceptions within the BWC--- Koplow 3 (David A. Koplow -- Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center. Maryland Law

Genetic Weapons are a realistic threat, and a strong BWC is vital to check them

Anbarasan 99 (Ethirajan Anbarasan of the BBC World Service – quoting multiple genetics experts -- UNESCO COURIER – a publication of the United Nations -- March [|http://www.unesco.org/courier/1999_03/uk/ethique/txt1.htm)]

Genetic Weapons are genocide, and outweigh all other security threats; the mere research process creates errors that risk extinction through vaccine invulnerability

Krug 1—(Wayne, “The Threat of Genobiological Weapons”, Last Updated 2001, [|http://www.kingdomofprussia.com/GenobiologicalWeapons.htm)]

Contention Three- The CDC

First, Credibility Poor disease response has eroded credibility---new effort’s key

Yee 2k3 [June 28th, Gerberding seen as new face of public health, while polishing CDC's tarnished image, The Associated Press State and Local Wire, Writer for the associated press, cites directors from the CDC, and several doctors to substantiate claims, ln]

Internal unrest is eroding credibility---leadership on emerging deadly outbreaks like bird flu creates an opportunity to display agency public health credibility Young 6 [Allison, writer for the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, frequently writes about CDC—investigative analyzer. “Prominent leaders are leaving the agency in droves, restructuring has morale on the decline, and federal funds have been shifted. Current and former staff say someone needs to stop the bleeding”, Atlanta-Journal Constitution]

Lack of confidence erodes the CDC’s scientific base and program effectiveness---key to responding to natural disasters. Young 6 [Allison, writer for the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, frequently writes about CDC—investigative analyzer. “Prominent leaders are leaving the agency in droves, restructuring has morale on the decline, and federal funds have been shifted. Current and former staff say someone needs to stop the bleeding”, Atlanta-Journal Constitution]

Second, CDC independence

Undue government influence promotes a confidence crisis---causing agenda failure.

Stein 5—Washington Post Staff Writer—(Rob, “Internal Dissension Grows as CDC Faces Big Threats to Public Health”, March 6, 2005; Page A09, [|http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A10399-2005Mar5.html)] Executive interference is hampering CDC independence---causing empirical program through an inability to operate as a public health Stein 5—Washington Post Staff Writer—(Rob, “Internal Dissension Grows as CDC Faces Big Threats to Public Health”, March 6, 2005; Page A09, [|http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A10399-2005Mar5.html)]

Third, CDC Health programs are good CDC Disaster relief’s the most effective US method

DHHS 5[United States Department of Health and Human Services, (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinician Outreach and Communication Activity Clinician Briefing (January 25, 2005) [|http://www.emergency.cdc.gov/coca/summaries/tsunami_012505.asp)]]

Disaster Relief Impact—which I don’t have on my computer—it’s Sid-Ahmed though.