Lakeland+WR-+Jason+Wright+&+Taylor+Roth+aff

Lakeland RW – Affirmative – HIV/AIDS

1AC

Contention One: Inherency

Despite Bush’s statements, the US is cutting global AIDS assistance and eliminating treatment programs. This is destroying our leadership in the fight against AIDS

Global AIDS Alliance 5/30 [“Bush AIDS Proposal Important Step, but Not Doubling of Current Funding,” David Bryden, http://www.globalaidsalliance.org/pressreleases/press053007.cfm]

But, the reality is … and the next President."

Instead of promoting treatment and prevention, the U.S. has promoted an abstinence-based HIV/AIDS reduction model. Even organizations that no longer rely on U.S. money and attempt to obtain it from other suppliers fail in their efforts because of the perceived remaining attached abstinence strings.

AVERT 7 [7-5-07 http://www.avert.org/pepfar.htm (AVERT is an intl AID’s charity) ]

In pursuit … being very cautious

Contention Two: AIDS

25 of the 38 million people infected world-wide live in sub-Saharan Africa. It has the highest infection rate in the world.

USAID 6 [U.S. Agency for International Development, ACTION TODAY, A FOUNDATION FOR TOMORROW: SECOND ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS ON PEPFAR, p. http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/60950.pdf]

HIV threatens to … of HIV infection

HIV/AIDS causes the same societal devastation that wars do – the terminal impacts to their DA are inevitable

Pharaoh and Schoteich 3 [Robyn and Martin, Members of the Institute for Security Studies, “AIDS, Security and Governance in Southern Africa,” Occasional Paper No. 65, January 2003, http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/Papers/65/Paper65.html]

The impact of AIDS … for further infections.

The impact of HIV/AIDS on Africa is as bad as a nuclear war

Progressive Labor Party 2K [AIDS, RACISM, IMPERIALISM, and CAPITALISM, http://www.plp.org/pamphlets/aidsarticles.html] Fifteen million have already died. Thirty-four million are … damage could not be worse.

Failure to control the spread of AIDS will result in mutations that will kill everyone on the planet

Ehrlich and Ehrlich 90 [Paul and Anne, Professors of Population studies at Stanford University, THE POPULATION EXPLOSION, p. 147-8]

Whether or not … transmissible through coughs.

We are always on the brink of such a deadly mutation

Medical News Today 6 [April 28, 2006, http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/42313.php]

One in 10 newly … easiest for the virus

The status quo delivery of HIV/AIDS drugs without the necessary medical infrastructure makes resistance and mutations all the more likely

The Weekend Australian 3 [November 22, lexis]

SOUTH Africa faces … the drugs in," he said.

A failure to stop drug resistance boomerangs our death impacts because it renders all status quo treatment programs futile

Mullan et al 5 [Fitzhugh, Professor of Prevention and Community Health at George Washington University, and Claire Panosian, Patricia Cuff, Editors, Board of Global Health at the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, Healers Abroad: Americans Responding to the Human Resource Crisis in HIV/AIDS, 4-19-2005, Preface, www.nap.edu/catalog/11270.html#toc]

The prevention, care, … scale-up of antiretroviral therapy

Without efforts to slow it down, AIDS will inevitably cause extinction – its lethalithy surpasses even the plague.

Mathiu 2k [Mutuma, Columnist for the Daily Nation (Nairobi) and Managing Editor of the Sunday Nation, Africa News, July 15th, “AIDS: Devastation!” lexis]

Aids is without precedent… so hopelessly in jeopardy.

Contention 2: Soft Power

The U.S. is an unparalleled economic and military power that can bring its power to bear in any situation

Pieterse 6 [Jan Nederveen Pieterse, Sociology Professor University of Illinois, 2006, The War on Terrorism and the American “Empire” after the Cold War, eds. A. Colas & R. Saull, p. 182]

If today’s American … on a case-by-case basis.

An emphasis on hard power & economic power at the expense of developing a positive image and a willingness to empathize with the pain of others, has collapsed U.S. soft power

Forbes, 8-23, http://www.forbes.com/leadership/compensation/2007/08/22/bush-anti-americanism-cx_0823oxfordanalytica.html European and world … pain and hardship

Most important, the failure to commit to global AIDS prevention makes it impossible for the U.S. to restore its global soft power

Fidler 3 [David Fidler, professor, Indiana School of Law, GERMS, NORMS, AND POWER: GLOBAL HEALTH’S POLITICAL REVOLUTION, 2003, http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/reprint/21/6/131.pdf]

the United States cannot … engagement of US power.

A commitment to global public health through HIV/AIDS prevention can re-build our soft power

The Lancet 5 [Editorial, “America at home and abroad,” Jan 1-Jan 7, 2005, vol. 365, no. 945, Proquest]

In international affairs, … and secure superpower.

[We read different impacts – here are the most common]

First, Global nuclear proliferation

There is a high risk of a radical nuclear break-out, creating a new wave of global proliferation and triggering regional nuclear wars

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 7 [June, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/univ_comp_rpt07_final1.pdf]

there are rising doubts … a recipe for disaster.

Regional nuclear wars guarantee extinction

Hoffman 6 [Ian, Oakland Tribune, "'Nuclear winter' looms, experts say," December 12, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_20061212/ai_n16906378] even a small … blasts and radiation.

U.S. leadership on AIDS is critical to arresting global proliferation

Clark 4 [Wesley Clark, Former US Army General, clar04.com/issues/aids_global]

“American leadership on … nonproliferation and terrorism.

Second, global democratic transitions

Despite initial global democratic gains, a global democratic reversal is underway

Carothers 7 [Thomas Carothers is vice president for studies—international politics and governance at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. A leading authority on democratization and democracy promotion, he has researched and worked on democracy-building programs around the world for 20 years with many U.S., European, and international organizations, August 2007, Democracy Promotion After Bush,, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/democracy_promotion_after_bush_final.pdf]

This has been … democracy and dictatorship.

The collapse of U.S. soft power means that the U.S. no longer has influence to prevent these reversals through diplomacy

Korean Times, 9-16-07, http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2007/09/137_10245.html

the best way .. of U.S. authority.

Global democratization solves every disad impact - DEMOCRACY SOLVES NUCLEAR AND BIOLOGICAL WARFARE, GENOCIDE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESTRUCTION

DIAMOND 95 [Larry Diamond, Hoover Institution, Stanford University, December, PROMOTING DEMOCRACY IN THE 1990S, 1995, p. http://www.carnegie.org//sub/pubs/deadly/diam_rpt.html //

Nuclear, chemical and biological … of their environments.

Democracy promotion is successful when employed – but American credibility and soft power are key

Nye 4 Joseph Nye, Harvard, SOFT POWER: THE MEANS TO SUCCESS IN WORLD POLITICS, 2004, p. 120-1

Democracy is more … soft-power resources.

Three, bilateral trade

Global free trade talks are collapsing

International Herald Tribune 7 [, June 21, 2007, http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/06/21/business/wto.php] A high-level meeting … a persistent deadlock

The collapse of global free trade causes a turn to bilateral free trade pressure, which is net-worse form of trade

Birdsall 5 [Nancy Birdsall is President of the Center for Global Development in Washington, D.C. Dani Rodrik is Professor of International Political Economy at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government. Arvind Subramanian is Division Chief in the Research Department of the International Monetary Fund. Foreign Affairs, September-October 2005, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20050701faessay84410/nancy-birdsall-dani-rodrik-arvind-subramanian/how-to-help-poor-countries.html?mode=print ] Of course, if global … reductions would be.

Bilateral deals impoverish the developing world

McMahon 6 [Robert McMahon, Council on Foreign Relations, June 13, 2006, http://www.cfr.org/publication/10890/]

In the absence … to target free trade. " Poverty is the equivalent to a thermonuclear war between the former-USSR and the US every 15 years

Gilligan 2k [James Gilligan, Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School, VIOLENCE: REFLECTIONS ON OUR DEADLIEST EPIDEMIC, 2000, p 195-196. ]

The 14 to 18 million … throughout the world.

And developing countries are doomed either way. If they resist these deals, Western powers will attack them with nuclear weapons

Lewis 98 Christopher Lewis, THE COMING AGE OF SCARCITY, 1998, p. 129

Most critics would … collapse of global civilization.

Plan:

The United States federal government, through direct USAID implementation, should provide adequate financial and technical support through federal agencies for the treatment and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome, including appropriate infrastructure assistance, through non-abstinence based treatment and prevention programs, in Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Togo, Zaire, and Zambia

Contention Four: Solvency

Failure to expand resources retains the existing level of treatment and prevention, magnifying global drug resistance. U.S. financial action is critical to mobilize other donors

US Global AIDS Initiative 7 [“From Emergency to Sustainability,” May 30th, http://www.healthgap.org/PEPFAR-Renewal.doc]

Looking ahead to … lose the fight..

Status quo U.S. condom restrictions create a generalized “culture of fear” that collapses condom use.

Stulman 7 [Michael Stulman, FLAWED ABCS OF PEPFAR, August 23, 2007, http://www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/4484]

It’s critical that … losing their funding.

Condoms will reduce the spread of AIDS by 90%

USAID 6 [U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), ACTION TODAY, A FOUNDATION FOR TOMORROW: SECOND ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS ON PEPFAR, 2006, p. http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/60950.pdf]

Women, even if … when used consistently.

Only the US can cause other nations to help fight HIV/AIDS. It sets a financial leadership model necessary for global solvency.

Morrison 7 [Stephen Morrison, executive director of the CSIS Task Force on HIV/AIDS, Allen Moore is a senior associate with the CSIS Task Force on HIV/AIDS and a senior fellow with the Global Health Council. ADVANCING U.S. LEADERSHIP ON GLOBAL HIV/AIDS, May 5, 2007, http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/070504_pepfar.pdf]

The White House … global HIV/AIDS control efforts.

U.S. financial support is critical to mobilizing efforts to fight the epidemic globally

Behrman 4 [Greg Behrman, THE INVISIBLE PEOPLE: HOW THE U.S. HAS SLEPT THROUGH THE GLOBAL AIDS PANDEMIC, THE GREATEST HUMANITARIAN CATASTROPHE OF OUR TIME, 2004, p. xiii-xiv]

Despite flourishes of … global response to the epidemic.

USAID has unique scientific and technical capabilities

National Academy of Sciences 6 [The Fundamental Role of Science and Technology in International Development: An Imperative for the U.S. Agency for International Development (2006), http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11583&page=1]

International programs based … into development activities.

Science and technological excellence is needed to sustain HIV/AIDS treatment

Hurran et al 5 [James Hurran, et al, National Academy of Sciences, SCALING UP TREATMENT FOR THE GLOBAL AIDS PANDEMIC: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES, 2005, p. 12]

In addition to … HIV/ AIDS prevention, treatment, and care

And, U.S. action is uniquely necessary for effective coordination of existing programs, which is key to avoid program failure

National Academy of Sciences 7 [Committee for the Evaluation of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) Implementation, National Academy of Sciences – Institute of Medicine, PEPFAR IMPLEMENTATION: PROGRESS & PROBLEMS, March 2007, p. 7] Closer coordination and cooperation …, and disempowering one.

Contention Five: Framework

The neg must defend a competitive policy option or the status quo versus a topical affirmative to be evaluated on the basis of the consequences of adoption. Our framework is best for a few reasons:

Ground – The neg will always win that the principles of their advocacy are good in the abstract – we can only debate the merits of their framework if they defend the specific consequences of political implementation

Ignatieff 4 [Michael, Carr professor of human rights at Harvard, 2004 Lesser Evils p. 18-19]

moral perfectionism, this ,,, us to betray another.

Limits – the fairness of the negative’s advocacy must precede consideration of its merits or else all contestation is meaningless

Shively 2K [Ruth Lessl, Associate Professor of Political Science at Texas A&M, Political Theory and Partisan Politics, p. 181-2]

ambiguists must say "no" to—they must … rests on some basic agreement or harmony.

Topical Education – By manipulating the topic to access their criticism they skirt debate about the implementation of policies by the government. Their education is distrusting of institutional study and pragmatic reform. Even if their intentions are noble, their message results in fascist totalitarianism

Lewis 92 [Martin, Assistant Professor at George Washington, Green Delusions, p. 258]

A majority of those … become inconvenient niceties.

Restricting ground to arguments about the consequences of institutional adoption is a revolutionary conception of the political that re-orients citizen agency and invigorates social interdependence

Gundersen 2K [Adolf G., Associate Professor of Political Science at Texas A&M, Political Theory and Partisan Politics, p. 108-9]

there are compelling … to democratic deliberation.

Politics Link Turns

Turn – Spending on global health is popular

Knobler, et al. – 2006 (Stacey Knobler – Former Director of the Institute of Medicine’s Forum on Microbial Threats, Abel Mahmoud – President at Merck Vaccines, Stanley Lemon – Dean of the University of Texas School of Medicine and Leslie Pray – Science Writer, The Impact of Globalization on Infectious Disease Emergence and Control: Exploring the Consequences and Opportunities, Workshop Summary - Forum on Microbial Threats, 3-3-2006, http://www.iom.edu/CMS/3783/3924/33225.aspx)

Recent large … way of doing business

Turn – Public support

a) There is tremendous public support for combating AIDS.

Zietz et al. 03- (Dr. Paul Zietz, staff writer and researcher for PEPFAR, Global AIDS Alliance “2003 Annual Report- Section D”, www.globalaidsalliance.org/docs/2003annualreport.doc)

Polling indicates that … women, and students.

b) Popular acts don’t cost political capital – they boost it

ROBERTS 11 – 9 – 04 Political Science BA, University of New Mexico [Dane, “Democrats need sharp vision,” Daily Lobo, via University Wire]

"Political capital" might … his political capital.

Turn – Democrats

a) They support the plan

Associated Press, 6-29-2007 (Andrew Taylor, “Senate Democrats want to shift foreign aid funding to war on AIDS”, http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070629/POLITICS/706290312/1022)

WASHINGTON -- Senate Democrats … on Capitol Hill.

b) Concessions to dems – not political capital – is key to the agenda

CHICAGO TRIBUNE 11 – 8 – 6

The last time … difficult two years.’’

Turn – Winners Win – political victories multiply – insiders prove

Ornstein, American Enterprise Institute 9/10/01 (Norman, Roll Call “Congress Inside Out”)

The compromise accomplished … standards for SUVs.

2AC Add-Ons

Middle East

Soft power necessary to prevent Middle East conflicts from going nuclear

Harold Hongju Koh, Professor of International Law, Yale Law School; Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, 1998-2001, 2003 55 Stan. L. Rev. 1479

Since then, the … the indispensable player.

This ends the world

Jay, NUCLEAR ARMAGEDDON, 2006, http://www.jaysnet.com/666nuke.html)

While a threat … a thermonuclear scale.

North Korea

Soft power critical to prevent war on the Korean Penninsula

Harold Hongju Koh, Professor of International Law, Yale Law School; Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, 1998-2001, 2003 55 Stan. L. Rev. 1479

America's "hard power… and valuable ground.

War on the peninsula will end life on Earth

AFRICA NEWS, December 25, 1999, p. online

Lusaka - If there is … with North Korea.

India-Pakistan

U.S. credibility is critical to avoid war between India & Pakistan

Defense News, June 28, 2004, http://www.iiss.org/conferences/the-shangri-la-dialogue/shangri-la-dialogue-2005/2004-speech-archive/keynote-address-prime-minister-goh-chok-tong

In Asia, as … ground for terrorists.

The impact to India-Pakistan war is extinction

BUSINESS RECORDER, December 17, 2000

Pakistan has sought … dangerous place on earth.