Walter+Payton+RT+-+Lee+Reed+&+John+Trevino+neg

Walter Payton RT – Negative

Transformational Diplomacy DA A. Transformational diplomacy is at the top of the agenda

Fore, 07 administer of USAID (Henrietta, Federal News Service, 6/12, “EFFICACY OF THE FOREIGN ASSISTANCE REFORM”, lexis)

Since assuming these roles four weeks///unified approach. B. Cuts in existing health assistance are vital to the effectiveness of transformational diplomacy – increased spending will trade off with the efficiency of current programs and disrupt existing prioritization

Tobias 3/28/07 US Director of Foreign Assistance and Administrator of USAID [Randall L. http://www.usaid.gov/press/speeches/2007/ty070328.html]

Based on the new country-driven process,…choices that they did. C. Transformational Diplomacy is key to effective global democracy promotion

Rummel 06 professor of political science at the University of Hawaii [R.J. “The New Transformational Diplomacy,” Paraphrase of speech by Condoleeza Rice, http://freedomspeace.blogspot.com/2006/03/new-transformational-diplomacy.html]

I want to follow up my "Why foster Global Freedom" with Secretary Rice's…terror as a weapon. D. Democracy promotion prevents war and extinction

Diamond, 95 (Larry Diamond, senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, December 1995, Promoting Democracy in the 1990s, http://wwics.si.edu/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/di/1.htm)

OTHER THREATS This hardly exhausts…prosperity can be both.

WHO CP

Implementing the counterplan is necessary for the WHO to catalyze international health cooperation in the face of public health problems – The WHO’s agenda-setting capabilities make it the MOST effective agent for action

Taylor 04

(Allyn L., University of Maryland School of Law, Governing the Globalization of Public Health, Published in the Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, v. 32, no. 3, Fall 2004, http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/fac_pubs/58/)

The WHO is the MOST effective international organization at mobilizing governments, other global health actors, and other organizations about global health issues

Taylor 04

(Allyn L., University of Maryland School of Law, Governing the Globalization of Public Health, Published in the Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, v. 32, no. 3, Fall 2004, http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/fac_pubs/58/)

WHO takes a 6 prong approach that allows them to be the most effective organization in combating disease in Africa

WHO.com no date given

(http://www.who.int/about/agenda/en/index.html)

Panama FTA A. Uniqueness - Panama FTA will pass - provision concessions to Dems got them on board

Oppenheimer, 9/10 (Andres, from McClatchy Newspapers, “Congress’ shift on trade,” The Salt Lake Tribune, http://www.sltrib.com/opinion/ci_6855302,) B. Link - Democrats oppose foreign aid – the plan makes them jump off board.

Ron Kampeas, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, “Dem Defectors May Turn Tables on Aid Vote”, 7/12/07, http://www.jewishexponent.com/article/13502/ C. Democrats are key to any new FTA – majority and past votes prove

Inside U.S. Trade, “Blunt Demands More Democratic Votes For Pending FTAs Than For CAFTA”, 7/13/07, l/n D. Impact - Panama FTA passage is key to the Panama & world economy.

Tim Burrack, Special to the Des Moines Register, “Approve Panama trade pact, modernize canal”, 6/28/07, E. Finally, Economic collapse causes extinction

Bearden 2K’ (Tom; Lt. Col. U.S. Army – Retired, “The Unnecessary Energy Crisis: How to Solve It Quickly” 6/24 http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3aaf97f22e23.htm accessed 8/6/04 wdc/wbw)

Global Warming Politics

1. A) Uniqueness—global warming bill will pass now—bipartisan support

Walsh, 01-28-08 (Bryan, “Is Congress Finally Ready to go Green?”, Time, Google)

B) And, the Lieberman-Warner bill is the strongest warming bill to date—concessions and dems support

NRDC, 12-6-07 (National Resource Defense Council, “Landmark Global Warming Bill Voted Out of Committee to Senate Floor”, YubaNet, Google)

2. Dems hate foreign aid—the elections have made them more fiscally conservative. Plan kills bipart

Kampeas, 7-12-07 (Ron, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, “Dem Defectors May Turn Tables on Aid Vote”, Google)

3. Empirically, bipartisanship is key to warming bill passage

Cohen, 11-1-07 (Stephanie, “Is The Latest Climate Change Bill Getting Warmer?”, Marketwatch, Google)

4. The Lieberman-Warner bill is a sustainable solution to global warming

Shapley, 12-6-07 (Dan, “Senate Starts Debate on Global Warming Bill”, The Daily Green, Google)

5. The margin of safety is thin—Even a 10 Celsius change in average Earth temperature risks extinction

Sagan and Turco, 1990 (Carl and Richard, astrophysicist and astronomer at Cornell University, and founding director of UCLA's Institute of the Environment, “A Path Where No Man Thought: Nuclear Winter and the End of the Arms Race,” pg 22)

Kenya

Current Negotiations between Kenya’s Government and the opposition ODM party will work as long as their allowed to continue – key to ending post election violence

Barasa, Nairobi Correspondent for All Africa.com, February 1, 2008

(Lucas, All Africa, “Kenya: Ban Ki-moon Urges End to Violence”, http://allafrica.com/stories/200802010502.html)

Tough US stance against Kenya is key to maintain compromise talks between Odinga’s ODM party and Kibaki’s after a hotly contested election - Plan violates this stance

Wrong, Correspondent for the New Statesman, January 17th, 2008

(Michela, New Statesman, “The Dilemma for Kenya’s Donors”, http://www.newstatesman.com/200801170022)

Conciliatory accommodation is key to Kenyan stability which is key to regional leadership and African satbility

Stevenson, Professor of Strategic Studies at US Naval Warfare College, January 6th, 2008

(Jonathan, Baltimoresun, “Kenya too important to let collapse”, http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/oped/bal-op.kenya06jan06,0,3458680.story)

African Regional Conflagration results in Nuclear War

Dr. Jeffrey Deutsch, Founder of the Rabid Tiger Project: An Organization Devoted to Political Risk Consulting and Related Research, Contributing Editor for Russian Politics, and PHD in economics from GMU, 11/18/02 (http://www.rabidtigers.com/rtn/newsletterv2n9.html)

Imperialism

A. Uniqueness. Africa is increasing efforts at unification and representation in international organizations

Custers, PhD, ‘06 [Peter, “African Struggles Against Neoliberal Globalization”, September 8,

http://www.petercusters.nl/file/66, accessed 6/30/06]

B. Aid to Africa is a Political Tool That Expands US Imperial Domination

Dembele, Director of the African Forum on Alternatives, ‘05 [Demba Moussa, “Aid Dependence and the MDGs”, September

8, http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/features/29376, accessed 6/29/07]

C. Imperialism in Africa Perpetuates the AIDS Epidemic

Revolutionary Worker Online ‘00 [“Imperialism and AIDS in Africa”, http://rwor.org/a/v22/1060-69/1065/aids.htm,

accessed 6/26/07]

CP – Exclude South Africa

A. US-South Africa Relations High

Bureau of African Affairs, U.S. Department of State, July ’07, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2898.htm

B. South Africa opposes U.S. unilateral extension of power

Suzanne Daley, Foreign Desk Writer, The New York Times, March ’98, “Clinton in Africa: The Next Stop,” http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic/search/homesubmitForm.do, Lexis.

C. US-South Africa relations key to African stability

Eric M. Bost, US Ambassador to South Africa, Insight Africa, March ’07, http://pretoria.usembassy.gov/wwwhamb_bost20070323.html

D. Instability in Sub-Saharan Africa supplies terrorists with resources and networking necessary to obtain nuclear weapons

Dempsey 06 [Thomas Dempsey Director of African Studies in the Department of National Security and Strategy at the U.S. Army War College. “COUNTERTERRORISM IN AFRICAN FAILED STATES: CHALLENGES AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS” April 2006 http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub649.pdf]

E. Nuclear terrorism leads to extinction

Stephens 07[Rex Stephens, idiot, 5-22-07 “The Preparation” http://www.thepreparation.com/Chap6.html]

Reps K

We present the following criticism:

America’s relationship to Africa is instructed by images of otherness. Our ideological frame of Africa is saturated by representations of conflict, disease, and the permanent affliction of catastrophe and chaos, policymakers can’t help but solidify the dehumanizing frame for intervention these images demand.

WALLACE 5, PHD STUDENT – ANTHROPOLOGY – OXFORD

[JAMIE, “AMERICAN PERCEPTIONS OF AFRICA BASED ON MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS”, 2005, http://www.hollerafrica.com/showArticle.php?artId=101&catId=1]

Our language and representations have real world ramifications. The attachment to images of African catastrophe castigates Africans to a permanent global underclass. Africans become the objects of a genocidal process of dehumanization that’s grounded history’s most extreme atrocities and interventions.

SANKORE 5, EDITOR – INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF JOURNALISTS – AFRICA AND COORDINATOR – FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND ASSOCIATED RIGHTS IN AFRICA, 2005

[ROTIMI, “The Pitfalls and Consequences of Development 'Pornography'”, http://www.bond.org.uk/networker/2005/april05/opinion.htm]

In order to rethink the function of debate and the current and future methodologies used to deploy assistance in Africa we present th following alternative text: My partner and I advocate the rejection of not only the affirmatives negative representations of Africa.

MEZZANA 5, SOCIOLOGIST AND RESERARCHER – CERFE GROUP AFRICAN RESEARCH, 2005 [DANIELE, “A CANCEROUS IMAGE”, http://www.africansocieties.org/n4/eng/Dossier.htm]

Our criticism is a precondition to assistance. An elevated focus on representation is a prerequisite to any policy discussion in the context of Africa

HAWK 92, EDITOR AND ASST. PROF – POLITICAL SCIENCE – ALABAMA-BIRMINGHAM, 1992 [BEVERLY, Africa’s Media Image, pg. 13]

China DA A. Chinese stability on the brink – concessions in international relations alleviates foreign pressure

[ASIA MEDIA NEWS DAILY, May 1, 2007, http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article-eastasia.asp?parentid=68978]

B. U.S. aid programs in Africa are signs of political warfare—U.S. outpaces China in Africa

[Donovan Chau, Adjunct Faculty member and member of the University graduate faculty in the

Department of Defense and Strategic Studies, Missouri State University POLITICAL WARFARE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, March 2007, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub766.pdf] C. Impact: 1. Foreign pressure means overthrow of the regime

[Susan Shirk, served as deputy assistant secretary for China at the U.S. State Department from 1997 to 2000.CHINA: FRAGILE SUPERPOWER, 2007, p. 62] 2. Regime collapse kills billions—CCP fights to keep political power in China The Epoch Times ‘05

[8/3/05 http://www.theepochtimes.com/news/5-8-3/30931.html]