Colleyville+MN+-+Alex+Nasr+&+Andrew+Murray+aff

=TOC RD 1- Ran Global Health Corp= = = =GLOBAL HEALTH CORP=
 * Plan: The United States Congress should implement S.850 of the 109th Congress, specifically to topically designated countries containing cases of the H5N1 virus.**
 * Contention One - Pandemics**
 * Poor health infrastructure and low resistance from HIV and malnutrition in Africa is making a pandemic strain of avian flu inevitable - the US must increase aid to avert a mutation**
 * Feldman 7, Associate Dean in the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences and professor of psychology at the University of Massachusetts, 2007 (Robert. “Avian Influenza: Potential Impact on Sub-Saharan Military Populations with High Rates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.” Military Magazine. July.** [|**http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3912/is_200707/ai_n19434366/pg_1**]**)**

“To date, H5N1 appears to have… but they are also in our own best interests.”
“__For IDSR to effectively function__… vaccination strategies (and strategies that use both approaches) would be helpful.” “__Globe-trotting "medical SWAT teams" and medicine's role__… __services around the world__, he said.”
 * And, action must be taken NOW – mutations are occurring in Africa and we’re not far from a pandemic strain**
 * Reuters 10/5 2007 (“Bird Flu mutating into human-unfriendly form.”** [|**http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N04393544.htm**]**)**
 * __“The H5N1 bird flu virus__… they are the ones that are closer to human-like flu," Kawaoka said.”**
 * Measures exist to stop the spread of the avian flu but will be ineffective without more concerted support – building health infrastructure is the only sustainable way to prevent a pandemic or respond if a pandemic should break out**
 * Breiman 7**, head of the Global Disease Detection Division and Director of the International Emerging Infections Program at CDC’s offices at the Kenya Medical Research Institute**, 2007** (Dr. Laura Breiman. [|http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/13/10/pdfs/07-0400.pdf)]
 * And, a Global Health Corps is crucial to solve – its superior mobilization and infrastructure capacities are critical for handling a pandemic**
 * United Press International 5** (Laura Gilcrest. UPI Health Business Editor. “Med SWAT teams proposed by Frist.” November 18. [|http://www.upi.com/Health_Business/Analysis/2005/11/18/med_swat_teams_proposed_by_frist/1011/)]

“E. Use volunteers and imported health workers as emergency steps… __integrating them into the local health system.__”
 * Establishing a Global Health Corps creates long term sustainability of health systems and prevents health workers from migrating from the country**
 * Davis, 2005** (Paul Davis, Director of Government Relations @ Health Global Access Project,“Strategic US Initiatives for Health Workforce Self Sufficiency in Developing Nations,” Health Gap Global Access Project, 12-1-2005, [|http://healthgap.org/HCWmemo.html)]

“A major Canadian brokerage firm has added its voice… over a period of only 18 to 24 months.” “History bears out that __desperate nations__… __biosphere, at least for many decades.__” “Human history is riddled with accounts… __to **90 percent fatalities** within days or weeks.__” “Intelligence on biorisk… __mind might find **a material connection.**__**”** “The United States needs to broaden the way… __That's why we should create a Global Health Corps.__” “WASHINGTON -- Former Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist… **__and hopelessness breeds extremism.__”** __“Failed states offer attractive venues__… __to threaten vital American national interests.__” __We have reached a point in human history__… __we will all be losers.__” Ambassador to Kenya, “Shaping U.S. Policy on Africa: Pillars of a New Strategy,” September, Strategic Forum, [|http://www.ndu.edu/inss/strforum/SF210/SF210.pdf)] “__Africa’s democratic track record__… other American interests and concerns.” “__The Rabid Tiger Project__… __and some people love to go fishing.__”
 * Even a mild bird flu pandemic would collapse the global economy**
 * Canadian Press Newswire 5**, 8/16/**2005**
 * The impact is extinction**
 * Bearden 2K** T.E., LTC U.S. Army (Retired), [“The Unnecessary Energy Crisis: How to Solve It Quickly,” http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3aaf97f22e23.htm, June 24]
 * The immediate effect of an avian outbreak is a billion deaths**
 * Barnes 5**, Research Assistant in Paleopathology, Wichita State, 2005, (Ethne. Diseases and human evolution, p. 427-8)
 * Contention Two – Failed States**
 * Current aid to Africa lacks a focus on infrastructure and public diplomacy – this is generating failed states and resentment**
 * Tsang, 6** (Steve, PhD Philosophy University of Oxford, Intelligence and Human Rights in the Are of Global Terrorism, Praeger Security International, Westport Connecticut, London, Pg. 162-163.)
 * And, establishing a Global Health Corps centered on containing the Avian Flu is perfect to remedy this – it can foster understanding and enhance our capacity to promote democracy**
 * Frist, M.D., 6** (William H. Frist, M.D., Majority Leader of the U.S. Senate, “Creating a U.S. Global Health Corps,” published in The American Interest, Winter 2006, vol. 1, no. 2, http://www.the-american-interest.com/ai2/article.cfm?Id=36&MId=2, was originally a letter to Senate on 12-6-2005, JMP)
 * And, the impact of public diplomacy is particularly acute in Africa – actions like the plan pave the way for the resolution of conflict and extremism**
 * Indianapolis Star, 2007** (Bill Theobald, “Frist targets global health: Former Senate majority leader sees health care as the 'currency of peace'” 6-3-2007, [|www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070603/NATIONWORLD/706030435/-1/LOCAL17])
 * Preventing these failed states in sub-Saharan Africa is __crucial__ to preventing a major attack on the US homeland**
 * Dempsey, 6** (Thomas, Director of African Studies @ U.S. Army War College and served as a strategic intelligence analyst for Africa at the John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and as Chief of Africa Branch for the Defense Intelligence Agency, Counterterrorism in African Failed States: Challenges and Potential Solutions, April, [|http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub649.pdf )
 * Such an attack would cause extinction**
 * Sid-Ahmed 4**, Political Analyst, 2K4 (Mohamed, “Extinction!” Al-Ahram Weekly On-Line, August 26 – September 1, [|http://weekly.ahram.org.eg  /2004/705/op5.htm)
 * Independently, African democracy solves war and instability**
 * Carson, 04** (Johnnie, Senior Vice President at the National Defense University and formerly served as U.S.
 * And instability goes nuclear**
 * Deutsch 02** [Dr. Jeffrey, PhD in Economics and Founder of the Rabid Tiger Project (political risk consulting firm), “Rabid Tiger Newsletter”, December 18th, http://www.rabidtigers.com/rtn/newsletterv2n9.html]

Bioterrorism
Improving the global capacity… microbial threats workforce). REBUILDING DOMESTIC PUBLIC HEALTH…. And laboratory capability. BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS MUST BE ABOLISHED… the center of national debate.
 * The Global Health Corps will allow the CDC and NIH to maintain expertise in diseases that are potential bioterrorist agents**
 * Smolinski et al. 03** ** – ** Director of the Global Health and Security Initiative at Nuclear Threat Initiative [Marks. Smolinski (Former Senior Program Officer at the Institute of Medicine of the National Academics of Science and Epidemic Intelligence Officer for the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Margaret A. Hamburg (Vice President for Biological Programs at Nuclear Threat Initiative), & Joshua Lederberg (Directs the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Informatics at The Rockefeller University) Editors, Board on Global Health at the institute of the National Academics, Microbial threats to Health**:** Emergence, Detection, and Response, 3-18-2003, [|http://www] .nap.edu/catalog/10636.html]
 * This expertise solves bioterrorism**
 * Smolinski et al. 03** ** – ** Director of the Global Health and Security Initiative at Nuclear Threat Initiative [Marks. Smolinski (Former Senior Program Officer at the Institute of Medicine of the National Academics of Science and Epidemic Intelligence Officer for the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Margaret A. Hamburg (Vice President for Biological Programs at Nuclear Threat Initiative), & Joshua Lederberg (Directs the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Informatics at The Rockefeller University) Editors, Board on Global Health at the institute of the National Academics, Microbial threats to Health**:** Emergence, Detection, and Response, 3-18-2003, [|http://www] .nap.edu/catalog/10636.html]
 * Extinction**
 * __Ochs__** – MA in Natural Resource Management at Rutgers – **__2002__** (Richard, “Biological Weapons Must be Abolished Immediately,” 6-9-2002, [|http://www.freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.html)]

__ Bush’s avian flu strategy… strategic American diplomacy. __ Natan **Sharansky**, deputy prime minister of Israel, 10/10/20 **01** , The Wall Street Journal __The democratic world…__ the last option for democratic states.
 * Middle East Democracy Add On**
 * US leadership on avian flu enhances US credibility in current promotion of Middle East democracy**
 * Anderson, 2006** (Jamie. BA in international studies at Boston College. The Looming Threat of an Avian Flu Pandemic: Concepts of Human Security. [|http://dissertations.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1169&context=ashonors )
 * Fostering democracy on the Mideast is key to preventing war**

= WATER AFF =

**Plan: The United States federal government should provide any necessary funding for implementing the topical measures of The Water for the Poor Act of 2005.**
==** Contention One: Water Wars ** ** The Water for the Poor Act is being ignored – resulting in cuts to at need areas in Africa ** ** Blumenauer 07 ** Representative – House Ways & Means Committee – leading congressional Water Expert May 16th [Earl, “Hearing of the Subcommittee on Africa and global health of the house committee on foreign affairs” Federal News Service] == ==** Tensions are rising in Africa due to climate change and millions are dying each year – conflict is guaranteed ** ** Japan Times ** June 9, 20** 07 **, “Climate change raises threat of water wars” Mikhail Gorbachev, chairman of the Board of Green Cross International, Jean-Michel Severino, CEO of the French Development Agency, l/n == ==** Water shortages in Africa escalate to global nuclear war ** ** NASCA 06 ** National Association for Scientific & Cultural Appreciation “Water Shortages – Only A Matter Of Time.” [|http://www.nasca.org.uk /Strange_relics_/water/water .html]) == ==** Finally, water is a catalyst for conflict and Africa is a critical hotspot – US leadership over water is vital to deter conflict ** ** Bierwirth 02 ** Colonel, US Army War College Roy C., “U.S. International Fresh Water Policy – Need, Analysis, and Recommendation,” USAWC Strategy Research Project ==

** Contention Two: Leadership **
==** United States action on water can coordinate and create global action to combat water scarcity – focusing on Africa will create global awareness which will sustain US leadership, promote democracy, and prevent failed states – all other actors will fail ** ** C.S.I.S. 05 ** Center for Strategic Int’l Studies – Sandia National Laboratory “Global Water Futures: Addressing Our Global Water Future,” 9/30/05, White Paper, [|http://www.sandia.gov/water /docs/CSIS-SNL_OGWF_9-28-05.PDF] == ==** Water scarcity causes terrorism due to failed states ** ** Morris 07 ** Chair, Millennium Water Alliance, Malcolm S., “Hearing of the Subcommittee on Africa and global health of the house committee on foreign affairs” Federal News Service == ==** Terrorism in Africa is uniquely dangerous because it allows groups to access nuclear weapons ** ** Dempsey 06 ** Director of African Studies in the Dept of National Security and Strategy @ US Army War College, Thomas, Counterterrorism in African Failed States: Challenges and Potential Solutions, [|http://www.strategicstudiesinst itute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub649 .pdf]== ==** The impact is extinction ** ** Sid Ahmed 04 ** Al-Ahram, Political Analyst, Mohamed, “Extinction!,” [|http://weekly.ahram.org.eg /2004/705/op5.htm] ** The plan is vital to increase our international image and sustain soft power leadership ** ** Peterson 07 ** the Senior Vice President of CSIS, June 21st [Erik, “Below the Surface: U.S. international Water Policy,” [|http://www.csis.org/component /option,com_csis_progj/task ,view/id,969/] == ==** Soft power is key to hard power and the war on terrorism – its decline will cause domestic isolationism ** ** Nye ** – Dean of Government at Harvard ** – 2004 ** (Joseph, dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, Political Science Quarterly, Summer, ebsco) == ==** We control the direction of every impact – A collapse of hegemony would result in great power wars and extinction ** **__ Thayer 2006 __** [Bradley A., Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Minnesota, Duluth, The National Interest, November -December, “In Defense of Primacy”, lexis] ==

** Contention Three: Solvency **
==** Funding the Water for the Poor act is vital to eliminate the water crisis – US action is key ** ** Keating 06 ** March 22nd, Research Associate, Global Strategy Institute, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Laura, “Water Makes Sense” Global Strategy Institute of CSIS, [|http://www.csis.org/component /option,com_csis_progj/task ,viewid,573] == ==** A commitment to public health assistance through a water policy to Africa is critical to ending water scarcity. Only US action can solve core causes of scarcity ** ** Lochery 07 ** May 16th, Water Team Director for CARE, Peter, “Beyond the Status Quo: Bringing Down Barriers to Water and Sanitation Provision in Africa through Implementation of the Senator Paul Simon: Water for the Poor Act Testimony before the United States House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health,” [|http://www.care.org/newsroom /articles/2007/05/lochery _water_testimony.pdf] ==
 * Only the US can coordinate agencies and enable other governments and NGOs to ensure sustainable success **
 * CSIS 05** **Center for Strategic International Studies – Sandia National Laboratory, “Global Water Futures: Addressing Our Global Water Future,” 9/30, White Paper,** [|**http://www.sandia.gov/water /docs/CSIS-SNL_OGWF_9-28-05.PDF**]
 * State action is the best way to achieve social change, and endorsing a specific state policy is not a blind endorsement of the state**
 * Krause 97** Keith, professor of political science at Graduate institute in Geneva, Critical Security Studies