Bishop+Guertin+CP+-+Chris+Power+&+Katryna+Cadle+neg

Round 1 v. MBA AM
Heidegger Colombia Bad Subtantially = 11% China CP / SP DA Air Power DA

China Disadvantage (usu. run w/ china counterplan…no 1nc shell)
Bates Gill et. al, Senior Fellow at Center for Strategic and International Studies, January, 2007, p. [|http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/chinainafrica.pdf Bates Gill et. al, Senior Fellow at Center for Strategic and International Studies, January, 2007, p. [|http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/chinainafrica.pdf Ivan Eland - Director of the [|Center on Peace & Liberty] at The Independent Institute, Former Director of Defense Policy Studies at the Cato Institute - 4/11/05 (“Coexisting with a Rising China,” [|http://www.independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?id=1494 )
 * 1NC**
 * first is the uniqueness:**
 * US-Sino relations are high now due to recent concessions on both sides, but the brink is thin.**
 * Roberts and Shanley – 7 ** (Kristin and Mia, //Reuters//, “U.S. Eases Tone on China; Beijing Agrees to Hotline”, June 2,
 * And, Up to now, any status quo US engagement/aid to Africa has not yet penetrated China’s sphere of influence**
 * next is the link:**
 * Increasing US influence in Africa crushes US-Sino relations.**
 * McLeary – 7 ** (Paul, //Foreign Policy//, “A Different Kind of Game”, March,
 * and, more US foreign aid to sub-Saharan Africa will be perceived as an overreaching effort to contain China**
 * last is the impact:**
 * US-Sino relations key to solve multiple nuclear wars.**
 * Adhariri – 99 ** (Eschan, Armed Forces Staff College national security professor, //Jane’s Intelligence Review//, Aug 1, online)
 * moreover, Encroaching on China’s sphere of influence leads nuclear conflagration**

Willy **Lam** - 2/8/**07** //(// Senior Fellow at The Jamestown Foundation, Asia Media, “Beijing’s Great Leap Outward: Power Projection with Chinese Characteristics,” [|http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=63281 ) Bates **Gill** et. al, Senior Fellow at Center for Strategic and International Studies, January, **2007**, p. [|http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/chinainafrica.pdf Abanti **Bhattacharya** 11/7/ **06** (Associate Fellow at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, “China’s Power Projection in Africa,” Institute for Defence Studies and Analysis, [|http://www.idsa.in/publications/stratcomments/AbantiBhattacharya071106.htm ) Drew Thompson 04 (Director of China Studies and Starr Senior Fellow at The Nixon Center. “Economic Growth and Soft Power: China’s Africa Strategy” //China Brief// Vol. 4 Issue 24) John Mearsheimer - Professor of Political Science and the co-director of the Program on International Security Policy at the University of Chicago - 2/05 (Foreign Policy, [|http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=2740&print=1 )
 * 2nc links/impact arguments**
 * The principle way that China gains market access is by providing unconditional aid—the plan breaks with the U.S. policy of conditioning assistance and undercuts China’s main advantage**
 * Moorcraft, 07 ** (Paul, director of the Centre for Foreign Policy Analysis, Washington Times, 1/8, “Why Beijing succeeds in Africa” [|http://www.washtimes.com/op-ed/20070107-095330-5402r.htm )
 * China has replaced the U.S. as the main influence in Africa**
 * Increased US engagement of Africa likely to cause a clash with China**
 * China is competing with the U.S. to be the superpower that provides assistance to Africa**
 * Chinese view US intervention in Africa as a direct threat to their “peaceful rise”**
 * Economic factors will not prevent China from starting a war with the US**

Debt Counterplan
text: the united States federal government should cancel all debt currently owed throughout Africa as a means to stop all public health assistance to africa.

debt servicing in africa has caused more violence and death than ever in the history of humanity.

Derrida, director of studies at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, 1994 [jacques, Specters of Marx, p. 84-86]

Debt cancellation the most explosive political action that ruptures neoliberalism.

Caffentzis, Department of Philosophy at Southern Maine Portland, 2002 (George, “Neoliberalism in Africa, Apocalyptic Failures and Business as Usual Practices,” Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations, Vol. 1, No. 3, Fall 2002)

debt cancellation is the most politicizing measure around which status quo movements can rally – our demand can transform resistance to debt into a global grassroots movement against economic exploitation in all its forms

Bond, 2006, Professor of Development Studies at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Director of the Centre for Civil Society [Patrick, “Global Governance Campaigning and MDGs: from top-down to bottom-up anti-poverty work,” Third World Quarterly 27(2), 346-352]

Latin America Tradeoff Disad
first, The budget climate is tight and Congress will require zero-sum offsets of health and development spending

Sessions, 06 - analyst at the Centre for Global Development (Myra, Blog – “The PMI Turns One - How Will We Measure Success?”, Global Health Policy Blog, 7/6, [|http://blogs.cgdev.org/globalhealth/2006/07/the_pmi_turns_o.php)]

moreover, Latin America is the lowest priority – it is funded now but will be cut to make up for the plan

Sanchez, 06 (Marcela, “Linking foreign aid and security”, San Diego Tribune, 1/28,

http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060128/news_lz1e28sanchez.html

additionally, withdrawal of american aid destroys latin american biodiversity and collapses the environment.

Eichenberger 2000 (Federal News Service, Prepared Testimony of Joseph Eichenberger Treasury Director of Multilateral Development Banks before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere, Peace Corps, Narcotics, and Terrorism, July 25)

B. impact – biodiversity loss threatens extinction

Diner 94 (Judge Advocate General’s Corps of US Army, David N., Military Law Review, Winter, 143 Mil. L. Rev. 161, LN)

Nietzsche
The affirmative plan engages in the modernist disavowal of tragedy. The Triumph of Socratic reason manifests itself in our attempt to order life and renounce suffering. The plan labors to mold the world to make it fit a perfect world of order in opposition to the real world of violence and death.

Saurette 1996 [paul, prof of political theory at John Hopkins University]

The perfect world envisioned by the affirmative is a pathetic religious utopia free of shit - in a sad attempt at de-shitting the world the affirmative holds annihilating everything perceived to be unacceptable

White 1990 [ Alan, From within Nietzsche’s Labyrinth ]

The end result of the affirmative’s attempt to heal the wound of existence is the life denying Grand March, in which individuals are only valuable insofar as they help the cause

White 1990 [ Alan, From Within Nietzsche’s Labyrinth ]

The affirmative perpetuates the illusion that we exist merely to correct existence through their depiction of the plan as necessary to solve the world - life becomes worth living only because we have an obligation to make it perfect

White 1990 [ Alan, From within Nietzsche’s Labyrinth ]

The shit the affirmative seeks to eradicate is depicted through the alien others that only exist to destroy us - the aff’s desire to create an idealized world necessitate the security imperative which only serve to create a universal fear of liFe: the is the root of all discrimination as we learn to hate, fear, and kill everything other to us

Der derian 1998 [ James, The Value of Security: Hobbes, Marx, Nietzsche, Baudrillard. On Security. ]

The alternative is to do nothing – this act of complete nihilism is the only possible transgressive action - recognizing the our world does not correspond to the purpose or truth presumed by the affirmative. Completing nihilism means accepting our world, as it is and refusing our right to a better one

White 1990 [ Alan, From within Nietzsche’s Labyrinth ]

A complete nihilist is one who has moved beyond nihilism – the aff is still trapped within nihilism, trying endless to do away with the shit the is an inevitable component of life. Only the alternative seeks joy in life, shitty as it is, and accepts it without reservation

White 1990 [ Alan, From Within Nietzsche’s Labyrinth ]

Additionally, the affirmative depiction of the shit in the world through the illustration of the violent other that merely exists to destroy us is the root cause of war.

Nietzsche 1878 [ The Anti-Christ, All Too Human ]

Heidegger
The affirmative embraces technological thought- approaches to crises which rely on managerial approach to the world re-entrench the will to control and power. This forecloses the possibility of thinking otherwise

McWhorter 92 [Ladelle, Prof of Philosophy @ Northeast Missouri State University, Heidegger and the Earth, ed. Ladelle McWhorter 1992, p9-10]

The aff follows this mode of technological rationality- the environment becomes mere standing reserve to exploit for human utility. This logic makes the mass violence and extermination inevitable as even humanity is reduced to only an object of manipulation and control. Vote negative to resist the forced choice of action and remain open to new ways of thinking about being

Beistegui 98 [Miguel de (Bey-stee-gwee), Heidegger and the Political, p 69-71]

Let it Be – Our desire for constant action, desperate measures to seize control of a world patently out of control, is the very trait we must abandon if we are to progress as a people. Thus, we do not present an alternative. Our thought need not be the precursor to action – it itself is action, demystifying the cycle of destruction hidden by the 1AC

McWhorter 92 [Ladelle, Prof of Philosophy @ Northeast Missouri State University, Heidegger and the Earth, ed. Ladelle McWhorter 1992, p9-10]

Aid Restructuring Counterplan
contention one:

increasing foreign aid to africa is like throwing gasoline on a fire. instead, we should withdraw from these quick-fix solutions and develop sustainable aid structures including corruption controls, cutting aid, and focusing on several key countries.

Calderisi 2006 (Robert, Rhodes Scholar and 30-year career in International Development principally at the World Bank, “The Trouble with Africa: Why Foreign Aid Isn’t Working”, p.208-210)

furthermore, foreign aid is channeled through corrupt governments which funds embezzlement or luxury and prevents development for the poor. it props up oppressive dictatorships and encourages continuation of poverty so governments can continue getting loans.

Blanchette 2003 (Jude Daniel, studies economics at Loyola College, 4/23, “Foreign Aid, Foreign Disaster”, [|http://www.mises.org/story/1212)]

Japan Counterplan
(solvency cards as per the aff)

Malthus
A) Uniqueness - Africa is already overpopulated

The Guardian 06

August 25, Population Explosion Threatens to Trap Africa in Cycle of Poverty, Xan Rice, Staff Writer, www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/o,,1857730,00.html

B) Link - Improvements in public health explode the population in Africa

Goliber 1997- (Thomas, UC Davis, “Population and reproductive health in sub-Saharan Africa” [|http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3761/is_199712/ai_n8764393/pg_3)]

C) Impact:

1. Turns Case: Each person saved now costs 10 in the crunch

Ehrlich, 74 –Professor of Biology at Stanford University-1974 (Paul June 16th The New York Times)

2. Population growth is the cause of African war, poverty, and all instability

Caldwell, 02 – 2002 (Joseph George Caldwell PhD, “Population Moderation” [|http://www.foundation.bw/OnWarAndPeace.htm)]

Pivotal States
the u.s. is adopting a policy of selective engagement now – but the public hates foreign aid – the plan engages a pivotal state that would make the public isolationist.

Chase 1996 (Robert S., PhD Candidate in Economics at Yale, Pivotal States and U.S. Strategy, Foreign Affairs, Jan-Feb, Vol 75 Issue 1, in conjunction with Emily B. Hill [PhD Candidate in history at Yale] and Paul Kennedy [Prof. of History at Yale])

Khalilzad

LOST Politics

 * Uniqueness**
 * Increasing aid costs political capital**

INSTITUE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS 05
=== [THE POLITICS OF U.S. FOREIGN AID, 2005, [|http://www.iie.com/publications/chapters_preview/321/3iie2911.pdf ] === Energy & Environment Daily, 5-16, 7 [|**David B. Sandalow**]**, 2004, ** Senior Fellow, [|Foreign Policy] , Brookings, August 2004, [|http://www.brookings.edu/papers/2004/08energy_sandalow.aspx
 * only bush’s political capital can push the controversial deal through a divided congress – our evidence is comparative.**
 * LOST provides a comprehensive solution to ocean environmental protection**
 * Declining ocean health risks the end of all life within the next decade** ** St. Petersburg Times 4-25-04 **

Heg Bad
LAYNE ** (CATO Visiting Fellow) **1996
 * Engagement draws the u.s. into great power wars which go nuclear**
 * Gholz, press, sapolsky 97**
 * (Eugene, Daryl, and Harvey, doctoral candidates and professors of public policy at mit, come home, america, international security, vol. 21, no. 4, p.5-48)**
 * Hegemony provokes nuclear terrorism – even the dod admits**
 * Eland 1998 (Ivan, Director of Defense Policy Studies at CATO, Foreign Policy Briefing No. 50, Does U.S. Intervention Overseas Breed Terrorism, December 17)**
 * Hegemony kills the economy – prefer our comparative evidence that on balance hegemony is the worst option**
 * Layne 97 (christopher, visiting associate professor at naval postgraduate school, international security, from preponderance to offshore balancing, summer)**
 * Hegemony necessitates a growing area of nuclear commitment which makes confrontation and crisis instability inevitable – the result is nuclear war and the collapse of leadership**
 * May 2000 (Michael, us enlargement strategy and nuclear weapons, ciaonet, march, senior fellow at institute of social studies and professor at sanford university,** [|**http://www.ciaonet.org/wps/mam03/MayEnlargement2000.pdf**]**)**
 * HEGEMONY AND EXTENDED DETERRENCE COMMITMENTS IN EAST ASIA WILL INEVITABLY FAIL, CHAIN-GANGING THE US INTO A NUCLEAR WAR. MUST WITHDRAW AND ALLOW RENUCLEARIZATION TO STRIKE A STABLE BALANCE AND PREVENT A LARGER WAR BETWEEN THE US AND ASIA**
 * [Christopher, “Less is More”, __National Interest__, Spring, p. 72-73]

**

Nigeria PIC
Militants in Nigeria have given president Yar’Adua a window of opportunity to maintain credibility and end their conflict. Failure will cause more terrorism and oil companies to pull out. Vanguard 7-24 ** -07 (Africa News (Nigeria), “Nigeria; Economy Realises N536.47bn From Crude Oil in June,” Lexis) ** Aid policies destroy government credibility – they’re seen as unable to protect their own people or negotiate effectively with donors. Herfkens **, **6-22-**07 (Eveline, executive coordinator of the Millennium Campaign of the UN, Sabina Zaccaro: staff writer/interviewer for IPS, Q&A: "Too Few African Governments Have Had the Guts to Say 'No'" Interview with Eveline Herfkens,** **[|http://www.ipsnews.net/africa/nota.asp?idnews=38277 )** Loss of legitimacy in Nigeria would destroy standards throughout west Africa and cause massive state failure. And, African instability risks great power draw-in and global nuclear war
 * J. Peter **Pham, **director of the Nelson Institute for International and Public Affairs at James Madison,** quoting Paden**, Prof. of Int’l Studies at George Mason and dean of Social and Management Sciences, at Bayero University, Nigeria;** 4-24**-07 (The National Interest Online, “Nigeria: Crisis of Legitimacy,”** **[|http://www.nationalinterest.org/Article.aspx?id=14120 )**
 * Jeffrey **Deutsch**, PhD & Founder, Rabid Tiger Project, RABID TIGER NEWSLETTER v. 2 n. 9, November 18, 20**02**. Available from the World Wide Web at: [|www.rabidtigers.com/rtn/newsletterv2n9.html] )