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AFF READ AT NDCA - (Updated 4/18)
=Family Planning AFF=

**1ac plan** **The United States federal government should provide support to family planning programs in topically designated areas, regardless of their compliance with the Mexico City Policy.** **1ac leadership adv** **Advantage one is leadership--** **The gag rule has caused massive waves of clinic closures in sub-Saharan Africa—this undermines health diplomacy and destroys maternal health** **Motluk**, **4** (Alison, New Scientist, “A healthy strategy for whom exactly?”, 10/9) The impact of the Mexico City policy ….in New York. **The impact is 700 deaths a day** Frederick T. **Sai,** advisor to the president of Ghana on HIV/AIDS, Sept/Oct 200**4** ([|http://www.worldwatch.org /system/files/EP175G.pdf]) Pregnancy and unsafe abortion are … pregnancies and deliveries. **And, these ideological restrictions placed by the gag rule are detrimental to U.S. global health leadership—destroys US global health coordination that’s key to prevent the spread of rapidly emerging drug-resistant diseases** **Ingram, 5** (Alan, Policy officer @ The Nuffield Trust (UK based health policy trust) & the lecturer in geography @ the University College London, Global Leadership and Global Health: Contending Meta-narratives, Divergent Responses, Fatal Consequences, International Relations, http://ire.sagepub.com) Global health problems are … most significant divergence of all. **These diseases will cause extinction** **Fox, 98** (C. William, M.D., Command Surgeon – Joint Readiness Training Center, “Phantom Warriors”, Parameters, Winter, [|http://www.carlisle.army.mil /USAWC/PARAMETERS/97winter/fox .htm]) The diseases to be discussed are among the primary …. with the problems. **And, there’s a massive risk of a major pandemic now** **Reuters**, Aug 23, 200**7**, [|http://www.reuters.com/article /newsOne/idUSL227320420070823 ?pageNumber=2] Infectious diseases are … misuse of antibiotics. **1ac population adv** **African population is sky-rocketing --- the most recent studies definitively disprove prior research --- plan solves** **Flechet**, 1/8/0**8** (Gregory, coordinator and DIC @ Institut de recherche pour le développement, French development thinktank, press release, “Sub-Saharan Africa: the population emergency”) The report of a … development policies. **Subpoint A-environment—** **This rapid population growth destroys biodiversity and renders other efforts at development obsolete** **Lelo** et al, **2k** (Dr. Francis, Ph.D, is senior lecturer and head of the department of environmental science @ Egerton University, Sustainable Use and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa, IUCN, July, [|http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc /susg/docs/makenzi.PDF]) The crux of this paper is that …being the ultimate losers. **Loss of biodiversity causes extinction** The **Straits Times**, Nirmal Ghosh, Thailand Correspondent, November 16, 200**7** They concluded that more than 16,… until it is too late.' **Subpoint B-terrorism—** **Status quo War on Terror strategies will inevitably fail without addressing the root causes of terrorism in Africa** Charlene D. **Jefferson**, Lieutenant Colonel, United States Air Force, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Strategic Studies Degree at the U.S. Army War College, under Margaret K. McMillion, former ambassador to Rwanda, Strategic Studies Institute, USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT, THE BUSH AFRICAN POLICY: FIGHTING THE GLOBAL WAR ON TERRORISM, 3/15/0 **6**, Traditionally, Africa has had a … to see lasting progress against this enemy. **Terrorist __recruitment__ in Sub-Saharan Africa poses a unique threat to global security --- only U.S. led family planning efforts solve** Richard **Cincotta**, senior research associate at Population Action International - a policy research organization in Washington, D.C, State of the World 2005 Global Security Brief #2: Youth Bulge, Underemployment Raise Risks of Civil Conflict, World Watch Institute, March 1, 200**5**, Washington, DC— From continent to continent… through the UN Population Fund. **And, we control long-term uniqueness --- absent family planning, the Horn of Africa will collapse under uncontrolled population growth, unleashing widespread conflict and serving as a springboard for international terrorism** **The Economist**, “The path to ruin - The Horn of Africa”, August 12, 200**6,** lexis A region endangered by Islamists, guns and… education a girl has, the fewer children she is likely to have. **Family planning can eliminate terrorism quickly --- comparatively more effective than any other terrorism prevention measure** Bruce **Sundquist**, Ph. D., Metallurgy from IIT, Senior Engineer in Westinghouse’s Advanced Reactors Division, Edition 6 - August, 200**7**, [|http://home.alltel.net/bsundqui st1/terror.html] Supporting family planning… improved East-West relations **Africa’s the primary source of international terrorism --- only effective family planning can solve a __long-term__ spillover** Robert I. **Rotberg**, Director of the Belfer Center’s Program on Intrastate conflict and Conflict Resolution at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University & adjunct Professor of public policy & former member of the Secretary of State’s Advisory Panel of Africa in 03-04, //Battling Terrorism in the Horn of Africa//, Brookings Institution Press, 200**5**, p 93-4 Ethiopia has experienced… regimes in neighboring states. 3 **Terrorists in Africa can and will get nukes to use against the US** **Cohen, 5** (Ariel, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow in Foreign Policy Studies at Heritage, 5/20, “Preventing a Nightmare Scenario: Terrorist Attacks Using Russian Nuclear Weapons and Materials,” [|http://www.heritage.org /Research/HomelandSecurity /bg1854.cfm]) Osama bin Laden has called … bomb. The IAEA has docu­mented cases of HEU theft.[11] **A nuclear terror attack invites Russian and Chinese aggression and causes massive U.S. retaliation against the muslim world—guarantees the termination of the planet** **Corsi** **5** [Jerome, PhD - harvard, Atomic Iran, pg176-8] The combination of horror and outrage that will surge upon the nation… absorb the blow and recover. **And, an attack is inevitable absent the plan** Graham **Allison**, director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, the Douglas Dillon Professor of Government and the faculty chair of the Dubai Initiative at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government, “The Three 'Nos' Knows,”11/12/0**7**, The National Interest How Serious is the Threat of Nuclear Terrorism? … hide it in a bale of marijuana.

**1ac solvency** **Solvency** **An increase in US support for family planning’s essential to curb overpopulation and lower fertility rates.** **Easterbrook, 99** (Greg, senior editor @ new republic, current fellow @ brookings institute, “Reproductivity,” 10/11, p. New Republic) To sustain the presently favorable trends in … more than contraception. **US must take the lead in family planning or else lose valuable time and expertise—it’s key to program sustainability** Susan A. **Cohen,** policy development associate at the Alan Guttmacher Institute, 19**97** ([|http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs /ib15.html]) For this small price, the U.S. population … and Depo-Provera. **Increasing US family planning is the only way to sustain global involvement** Wendy **Turnbull**, policy analyst at PAI, January 19**96** ([|http://findarticles.com/p /articles/mi_m0KDK/is_1996_Jan _1/ai_n18607203/pg_1]) Currently, about three-quarters of the roughly $4 billion spent …. in a more integrated manner. **USAID involvement’s essential to engaging African leaders solving for local adaptation** Donald S. **Shepard** health policy at Brandeis University, June **3** (Studies in Family Planning 34.2) The regionalization strategy featured a forced … management and ensured consistent messages. **Increasing family planning access quickly stabilizes population rates** **Brown, 3**. – President of the Earth Policy Institute (Lester, Chapter 10 Responding to the social challenge. Plan B: Rescuing a planet under stress and a civilization in trouble. 2003. [|http://www.earth-policy.org /Books/PB/PBch10_ss2.htm]) Slowing world population …children per family.

**Democracy promotion adv** **(we sometimes read this at the end, if time)** **A. The gag rule hurts democracy promotion** **Zampas**, 0**2** Center for Reproductive Rights' Legal Adviser for Europe (Christina, "European Parliamentarians Speak Out, Bush Abortion Policy Hinders Other Nation’s Funding to Developing Countries" [|http://www.reproductiverights .org/pr_02_0605zampasggr.html]) NEW YORK " [|__Yesterday__], members of the Dutch, … time President Bush listened to his allies." **B. The plan’s key to fostering stable democratic transitions** **CRR**, 200**3** (“Breaking the Silence: The Global Gag Rule’s Impact on Unsafe Abortion,” [|http://www.reproductiverights .org/pdf/bo_g]gr.pdf) It has long been recognized that __… authoritarian manner__. **C. Democracy promotion is solves multiple scenarios for extinction** **Diamond, 95** (Larry Diamond, senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, December 1995, Promoting Democracy in the 1990s, [|http://wwics.si.edu/subsites /ccpdc/pubs/di/1.htm]) OTHER THREATS This hardly exhausts the … __and prosperity can be built.__ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ =Berkley 1AC=

The gag rule has caused massive waves of clinic closures in sub-Saharan Africa—this undermines health diplomacy and destroys maternal health
Motluk,  4  (Alison, New Scientist, “A healthy strategy for whom exactly?”, 10/9) The impact of the Mexico City policy ….in New York.

The impact is 700 deaths a day
Frederick T. Sai,  advisor to the president of Ghana on HIV/AIDS, Sept/Oct 200  4  ([|http://www.worldwatch.org/system/files/EP175G.pdf)] Pregnancy and unsafe abortion are … pregnancies and deliveries.

==And, these ideological restrictions placed by the gag rule are detrimental to U.S. global health leadership—destroys US global health coordination that’s key to prevent the spread of rapidly emerging drug-resistant diseases== Ingram, 5 (Alan, Policy officer @ The Nuffield Trust (UK based health policy trust) & the lecturer in geography @ the University College London, Global Leadership and Global Health: Contending Meta-narratives, Divergent Responses, Fatal Consequences, International Relations, [|http://ire.sagepub.com) Global health problems are … most significant divergence of all.

These diseases will cause extinction
Fox, 98 (C. William, M.D., Command Surgeon – Joint Readiness Training Center, “Phantom Warriors”, Parameters, Winter, [|http://www.carlisle.army.mil/USAWC/PARAMETERS/97winter/fox.htm) The diseases to be discussed are among the primary …. with the problems.

And, there’s a massive risk of a major pandemic now
Reuter  s , Aug 23, 200  7  , http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSL227320420070823?pageNumber=2 Infectious diseases are … misuse of antibiotics.

USAID just increased family planning assistance
Daily Times, 1/23 /08, http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C01%5C23%5Cstory_23-1-2008_pg7_44 ISLAMABAD: The United States …, families and lives.

African population is sky-rocketing --- the most recent studies definitively disprove prior research --- plan solves
Flechet, 1/8/0  8  (Gregory, coordinator and DIC @ Institut de recherche pour le développement, French development thinktank, press release, “Sub-Saharan Africa: the population emergency”) The report of a … development policies.

This rapid population growth in sub-Saharan Africa destroys biodiversity and food security and makes all other efforts at development and reducing poverty impossible
Lelo et al,  2k  (Dr. Francis, Ph.D, is senior lecturer and head of the department of environmental science @ Egerton University, Sustainable Use and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa, IUCN, July, [|http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/susg/docs/makenzi.PDF)] The crux of this paper is that …being the ultimate losers.

Food insecurity is the root cause of African and global instability
Food security deserves its place in any …. the same amount of food.
 * Trudell** 5 , Robert H., JD Candidate @ Syrcause Law, Fall 2005, Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, 33 Syracuse J., Int’l L. & Com. 277

Loss of biodiversity causes extinction
The Straits Times , Nirmal Ghosh, Thailand Correspondent, November 16, 200  7 They concluded that more than 16,… until it is too late.'

Status quo War on Terror strategies will inevitably fail without addressing the root causes of terrorism in Africa
Princeton N. Lyman,  former U.S. Ambassador to South Africa  and  Nigeria & Ralph Bunche Senior Fellow and Director of Africa Policy Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, and J. Stephen  Morrison , Director of the Africa Program and Task Force on HIV/AIDS at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, “The Terrorist Threat in Africa”, Foreign Affairs, Jan-Feb 200  4,  lexis On August 7, 1998, two massive bombs exploded… are to be advanced.

Terrorist __recruitment__ in Sub-Saharan Africa poses a unique threat to global security --- only U.S. led family planning efforts solve
Richard Cincotta , senior research associate at Population Action International - a policy research organization in Washington, D.C, State of the World 2005 Global Security Brief #2: Youth Bulge, Underemployment Raise Risks of Civil Conflict, World Watch Institute, March 1, 200  5  , Washington, DC— From continent to continent… through the UN Population Fund.

==And, we control long-term uniqueness --- absent family planning, the Horn of Africa will collapse under uncontrolled population growth, unleashing widespread conflict and serving as a springboard for international terrorism== The Economist, “The path to ruin - The Horn of Africa”, August 12, 200  6,  lexis A region endangered by Islamists, guns and… education a girl has, the fewer children she is likely to have.

Family planning can eliminate terrorism quickly --- comparatively more effective than any other terrorism prevention measure
Bruce Sundquist , Ph. D., Metallurgy from IIT, Senior Engineer in Westinghouse’s Advanced Reactors Division, Edition 6 - August, 200 7 , http://home.alltel.net/bsundquist1/terror.html Supporting family planning… infrastructure associated with going to war.

Africa’s the primary source of international terrorism --- only effective family planning can solve a __long-term__ spillover
Robert I. Rotberg , Director of the Belfer Center’s Program on Intrastate conflict and Conflict Resolution at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University & adjunct Professor of public policy & former member of the Secretary of State’s Advisory Panel of Africa in 03-04, // Battling Terrorism in the Horn of Africa //, Brookings Institution Press, 200  5  , p 93-4 Ethiopia has experienced… regimes in neighboring states. 3

Terrorism in the horn of Africa will serve as a safe haven for international terrorists and spark major regional war
Peter Brookes , senior fellow, national security affairs and chung ju-yung Fellow for policy studies, asian studies center, “horn hotbed,” armed forces journal, may 200  7  , http://www.armedforcesjournal.com/2007/05/2670146 Since the early 1990s, the Horn of Africa — the descriptive name… Islamic extremists and terrorists.

War and instability in Africa goes nuclear
Deutsch **2**. Jeffrey, Political Risk consultant and Ph. D in Economics, The Rabid Tiger Newsletter, Vol 2, No 9, Nov 18, www.rabidtigers.com The Rabid Tiger Project believes that a nuclear war is most… people love to go fishing.

Terrorists in Africa can and will get nukes to use against the US
Thomas Dempsey , Director of African Studies @ U.S. Army College and served as a strategic intelligence analyst for Africa at the John F. kennedy Special warfare Center and as Chief of Africa Branch for the Defense Intelligence Agency, “Counterterrorism in African Failed States: Challenges and Potential Solutions”, April 200  6  , strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub649.pdf Raising the Stakes: The Nuclear Dimension of the Terrorist Threat… will be a complex and difficult task.

A nuclear terror attack invites Russian and Chinese aggression and causes massive U.S. retaliation against the muslim world—guarantees the termination of the planet
Corsi  5  [Jerome, PhD - harvard, Atomic Iran, pg176-8] The combination of horror and outrage that will surge upon the nation… absorb the blow and recover.

An increase in US support for family planning’s essential to curb overpopulation and lower fertility rates.
Easterbrook, 99 (Greg, senior editor @ new republic, current fellow @ brookings institute, “Reproductivity,” 10/11, p. New Republic) To sustain the presently favorable trends in … more than contraception.

US must take the lead in family planning or else lose valuable time and expertise—it’s key to program sustainability
Susan A. Cohen,  policy development associate at the Alan Guttmacher Institute, 19  97  ([|http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/ib15.html)] For this small price, the U.S. population … and Depo-Provera.

Increasing US family planning is the only way to sustain global involvement
Wendy Turnbull , policy analyst at PAI, January 19  96  ([|http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0KDK/is_1996_Jan_1/ai_n18607203/pg_1)] Currently, about three-quarters of the roughly $4 billion spent …. in a more integrated manner.

Only US family planning efforts can develop an international model that’s essential to success
Olympia Snowe , Senator from Maine,  1  ([|http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_senate_hearings&docid=f:75604.wais)] The real issue before us today is often referred to as the ``… our models in their own efforts. 

USAID involvement’s essential to engaging African leaders solving for local adaptation
Donald S. Shepard  health policy at Brandeis University, June  3  (Studies in Family Planning 34.2) The regionalization strategy featured a forced … management and ensured consistent messages.

Increasing family planning access quickly stabilizes population rates
Brown, 3. – President of the Earth Policy Institute (Lester, Chapter 10 Responding to the social challenge. Plan B: Rescuing a planet under stress and a civilization in trouble. 2003. [|http://www.earth-policy.org/Books/PB/PBch10_ss2.htm)] Slowing world population …children per family.