Meadows+KS+-+Bobby+Kim+&+Jeremy+Selesner+neg

==. Unique Internal link – Democrats will attach Spending amendments to Iraq appropriations – they will pass because the Democrats are Unified The Washington Post April 20, 2008 [ War Funding Bill Will Put Pelosi's Strength to the Test Lexis==

==B. Links – Bush will try to veto adding to the Iraq Bill – Democratic unity is key to pass the attachments San Francisco Chronicle, April 28, 2008 [[|http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/04/28] /MNCU10B ATO.DTL==

==C. Impacts - Democrats will attach food aid to the Iraq bill – this is critical to prevent starvation and global insecurity The New York Times April 29, 2008 [Senate Democrats Calling For More Food Assistance Lexis At a news conference, Senators Richard J. ....Requiring help from abroad.''==

==Food Shortages lead to War and Billions of Deaths-Risking Extinction Winnail 96 (Ph.D., M.P.H, ,Douglas S., “On the Horizon: Famine,” September/October, [|http://www.kurtsaxon.com/foods004.htm]) As a result grain prices are the highest on.... precarious situation is also without historical precedent!==

Round 4 vs. Westminster AS
Securitization K China Relations DA Farm Bill Politics DA Engage Iran CP Case

Round 1 v. Kinkaid BS
Lots of Zizek Patents Good T PHA Iraq Supplemental Add Ons Good - Plan Increase Pol Cap - allows bush to veto supplemental - food aid impact CP??? Aldrete didnt know off hand

Meadows (All Teams) – Negative African Reps K

The american relationship to africa is defined by images. Saturated by representations of conflict, disease, and permanent afliction of catastrophe, policymakers can’t help but solidify the dehumanizing frame for intervention these images demand WALLACE – PHD STUDENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY AT OXFORD -- 2005 [JAMIE, “AMERICAN PERCEPTIONS OF AFRICA BASED ON MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS”, http://www.hollerafrica.com/showArticle.php?artId=101&catId=1] When we think of Africa, images of … in the world (Ebo 1992:17).

Sadistic images are entertainment for the west – trauma becomes commodified for capitalist ends and affirms sentiments of superiority over the african other, desensitizing viewers to atrocity – the question of representation is critical to policy. KLEINMAN AND KLEINMAN – PROFESSOR OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL ANTHRO AT HARVARD – 1996 [ARTHUR AND JOAN, THE APPEAL OF EXPERIENCE, DAEDALUS, WINTER] This may seem too … they become iatrogenic.

Images Of African Catastrophe Castigates Africans To A Permanent Global Underclass -- Defined As Harbingers Of Their Ever-Present Demise, Africans Become The Objects Of A Genocidal Process Of Dehumanization Grounded In History’s Most Extreme Atrocities SANKORE – EDITOR OF INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF JOURNALISTS – AFRICA AND COORDINATOR – FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND ASSOCIATED RIGHTS IN AFRICA -- 2005 [ROTIMI, “THE PITFALLS AND CONSEQUENCES OF DEVELOPMENT 'PORNOGRAPHY'”, HTTP://WWW.BOND.ORG.UK/NETWORKER/2005/APRIL05/OPINION.HTM] Increasingly graphic depictions of poverty … to allow their people to freely define their future.

Our alternative’s to shortcircuit this cycle of pessimistic disaster imaging of africa. Telling a new story of africa, severed from the model of prejudicial portrayal, is crucial to disconnect american policymaking from the mechanisms of colonialism. MEZZANA – SOCIOLOGIST AND RESERARCHER – CERFE GROUP AFRICAN RESEARCH – 2005 [DANIELE, “A CANCEROUS IMAGE”, http://www.africansocieties.org/n4/eng/Dossier.htm] The literature reported in this … qualified information on the African reality.

Disease Securitization Kritik

The affirmative’s depiction of viral apocalypse homogenizes the entire African continent as the dark infected unknowable other—sanctions prejudicial and exclusionary practices Schell ’97 – Ph.D. Candidate in Modern Thought and Literature at Stanford University [Heather, outburst! a chilling true story about emerging-virus narratives and pandemic social change, configurations 5.1 (1997)] Although I like the implications of Haraway's … kill is ipso facto a competitor.

These hyperbolic representations of a global pandemic blind us to other widespread public health problems – obsession with narratives of super-germs cause indifference to common but more deadly diseases Tomes '2 – professor of history at stony brook university [Nancy,, American Literary History 14.4 (2002) 625-652, epidemic entertainments: disease and popular culture in early-twentieth-century america, muse] Over the last 20 years … not syphilis and hepatitis C?

Impact is genocide – racialized quest to annihilate the diseased in the name of purifying the body politic sanctions eugenic violence that is at the root of all conflict Elden 2 (Boundary 2 29.2) “the reverse side is the power…so many men to be killed.”

Our alternative is to refuse the metaphor of disease as a threat to the body politic –the permeability of the virus signifier allows reconsideration of disease within different identify contexts and emergence of new metaphors Thomas 2 (“It came from outer space” [|http://etd02.lnx390.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-0607102-185008/)] “It is the virus’s permeability as a signifier…seize its utopian potential.”

Lacan Kritik

Human subjectivity is not guided by rational conscious action but rather split between the real the symbolic, a split ego that is constantly torn between inner desire and projected fantasy—these projected fantasies are means to cleanse our consciences of brutality in the name for utilitarian order—constructs false imminent threat that historically has sanctioned genocidal violence

Lane ‘2 – Professor of English at Northwestern University (Christopher, “Psychoanalysis and Colonialism Redux: Why Mannoni's "Prospero Complex" Still Haunts Us”, Journal of Modern Literature 25.3-4 (2002) 127-149, Project Muse) Mannoni's thesis about inferiority and … and ethnic differences. [End Page 138]

The Aff’s compassion toward Africa is a means of guilt assuaging—dispensation of charity only makes us more comfortable in our continual participation in the socio-economic processes that guarantee Africa’s emiseration Zizek ‘6 – Prof. of Sociology at Univ. Ljubljana [Slavoj, “Nobody Has to Be Vile,” london review of books, vol. 28 no. 7] Liberal communists are pragmatic; … for the rise of the intolerance he denounces.

The impact is the root of histories worst atrocities—these projected fantasies result in inevitable tensions between the real and the symbolic that reproduces constant genocidal violence Stavrakakis ’99 – Department of Government at the University of Essex, Director of Ideology and Discourse Analysis Program (Yannis, Lacan and the Political, p. 99-105) In order to answer these questions …filled in 99 different ways (seminar of 21 November 1962).

Our alternative is to embrace the role of the analyst—rather than proposing new solutions, we should investigate the pathological desires of the Aff—this is a prerequisite for any autonomy over our own actions Mootz 2k – Visiting Professor of Law at Pennsylvania State University [Francis J II, Pyschotherapeutic procatice as a model for postmodern legal theory,” Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities, Summer, 12 Yale J.L. & Human. 299] Habermas does not pretend that his … of rational communication are satisfied.

Transformational Diplomacy Disad A. Uniqueness - The US is now focusing on transformational diplomacy but it requires careful budget prioritization to be effective Rice 07- US Secretary of State [Remarks at the Interaction 2007 Annual Forum, http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2007/apr/83213.htm] Today, the idea that … the means by which to deliver it.

B. The Links - Aid allocations are focused on programs that produce a sustainable impact now---increased programs tradeoff with efficiency of current diplomatic programs Tobias 3/28/07 - US Director of Foreign Assistance and Administrator of USAID [Randall L. http://www.usaid.gov/press/speeches/2007/ty070328.html] Based on the new … that they did.

And Trans diplomacy will be difficult to implement – it requires a smooth reorganization process Finn 06 - Ambassador [Robert P., Transformational Diplomacy, [|http://www.princeton.edu/~lisd/events/talks/finn_trans.pdf]] The plan that … or a hindrance in this.

C. The Impacts - Transformational Diplomacy is key to effective global democracy promotion Rummel 06 - Professor of political science at the University of Hawaii [R.J. This is from his Blog “Why Foster Global Freedom?,”, 3/7, http://freedomspeace.blogspot.com/2006/03/why-foster-global-freedom.html] I want to follow up my … to take the fight to the enemy but also to combat the ideology of hatred that uses terror as a weapon.

And that solves extinction Diamond 95 - Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution [Larry, Promoting Democracy in the 1990s, December, http://wwics.si.edu/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/di/1.htm] This hardly exhausts … and prosperity can be built.

China Counterplan

China has already begun to hone its aid to the continent—they have the propensity to provide three times the aid given by rich countries Christian Science Monitor 7 (“China Takes up civic work in Africa” 6/27, [|http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0627/p01s05-woaf.html?page=4)] But increasingly, China is both … African Union peacekeeping force in Darfur.

Chinese aid is superior because of its focus on infrastructure IWEALA, Finance Minister of Nigeria, 07 (Washington Post, http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/postglobal/needtoknow/2007/02/last_week_panelist_william_gum.html, February 20, DY) CHINA'S AID TO … the issue of colonialism will not arise.

China Disad

A. Aid programs are critical to China’s soft power Boston Globe 6/3/07 (Joshua Kurlantzik, fellow at the USC School of Public Diplomacy and the Pacific Council on International Policy, “Into Africa,” [|http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2007/06/03/into_africa?mode=PF)] China's aid programs have been …Policy Research Office.

B. US Aid to Sub-Saharan Africa is Zero Sum with Chinese Aid Phillip C. Saunders 06 (Senior Research Fellow in the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University “China’s Global Activism: Strategy, Drivers, and Tools” ) China’s increased global … would otherwise be consid- ered low priorities

C. Chinese soft power is critical to preventing a Taiwanese push for independence Gill and Huang 2006 (Bates holds the CSIS Freeman Chair in China, Yanzhong is an assistant professor at the John Whitehead School of Diplomacy and International Relations, Survival, “Sources and limits of Chinese 'soft power',” Volume 48 Issue 2 June, pg 17-36, [|http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/section?content=a747985000&fulltext=713240928)] A most intriguing example … invested more than $100bn on the mainland.

D. Taiwanese push for independence will escalate into a global nuclear war Hsiung 01 – Professor of Politics and International Law at NYU [James, 21st Century World Order and the Asia Pacific, p. 359-360] Admittedly, it is harmless … in the Asia Pacific region.

Kenya Stability Disad The US and European Union have threatened to suspend all Aid to Kenya, prompting concessions by the Kenyan government Malaysia Sun, 1/15/08 Kenya welcomes Annan's mediation efforts

Nairobi, Jan 15 (Xinhua) The Kenyan government …mediation efforts to resolve the crisis failed, Post election violence in Kenya has pushed it to the brink of civil war, which would destroy regional stability – Having a credible threat of withholding assistance is critical to pressuring Kibaki into compromise Jonathan Stevenson, 1/6/08 (a professor of strategic studies at the U.S. Naval War College, “Kenya too important to let collapse”, [|http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/oped/bal-op.kenya06jan06,0,3458680.story)] Kenya has been the anchor of political …and a planned $300 million international bond issue.

And Conflicts in East Africa escalate into global conflagration – Great powers intervene to protect shipping lanes Caroline B. Glick, 12/12/07 (the senior Middle East fellow at the Center for Security Policy in Washington, D.C., The Center for Security Policy is a non-profit, non-partisan national security organization that specializes in identifying policies, actions, and resource needs that are vital to American security and then ensures that such issues are the subject of both focused, principled examination and effective action by recognized policy experts, appropriate officials, opinion leaders, and the general public, “Condi's African holiday”, [|http://www.centerforsecuritypolicy.org/home.aspx?sid=56&categoryid=56&subcategoryid=90&newsid=11568)] The Horn of Africa is a … and global powers.

And these conflicts risk WMD use Lancaster, 2K (Carol, Associate Professor and Director of the Master's of Science in Foreign Service program at Georgetown University, Foreign Affairs, October, 2000) THE MOST BASIC CHALLENGE … could prove more dangerous than ever.

LOST Good – Political Capital Shell

Passage is key to United States’ environmental leadership and preventing the destruction of the oceans Schlickeisen in 2007 (Rodger, Newsblaze News, [|http://newsblaze.com/story/20070925135019tsop.nb/newsblaze/TOPSTORY/Top-Stories.html)] Ratifying the UN Convention on the … for America's role as a leader in international conservation efforts.

Extinction Craig 03, Associate Professor at Indiana University School of Law [Robin Kundis, “Taking Steps Toward Marine Wilderness Protection”, McGeorge Law Review, Winter, 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155, p. 264-266, LN] Biodiversity and ecosystem function …even if a few fishers go out of business as a result.

SCHIP Veto Good – GOP Backlash Shell

C. Impacts – The Tobacco Tax used to pay for it would Crush the US economy, which is already on the brink of recession Deroy Murdock, 9/21/07 (New York commentator Deroy Murdock is a columnist with the Scripps Howard News Service and a media fellow with the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace at Stanford University., “Tax-Happy Dems Jeopardize US Economy”) Now that recession-warning lights …it delivers — good and hard.

Economic decline risks extinction Bearden, Lieutenant Colonel in the U.S. Army, 2K (Tom, June 24, http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3aaf97f22e23.htm, Accessed 9/11/03) History bears out that … perhaps most of the biosphere, at least for many decades.

Colombia Good 1NC C. Impacts – It is key to fight Narco-Terrorism in Latin America Engle & Hastert 07 [US Representatives, April 24, FNS] I am pleased to welcome everyone to … It is part of the War on Terrorism.

Extinction Yonah Alexander, professor and director of the Inter-University for Terrorism Studies, 8/28/03 (Washington Times) Last week's brutal … regional and global security concerns.

Armenian Genocide Resolution Bad – Political Capital Shell And passage of the resolution causes Turkey to invade Kurdish Iraq, Destroying Middle East stability NY Sun, 10/18/07 U.S. Working To Keep Turks Out of Iraq WASHINGTON — American diplomats are working …on the part of the Turks."

Middle East conflict causes global nuclear war Steinbach 2002 – Analyst, Center for Research on Globalisation http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/STE203A.html Meanwhile, the existence of an … a world conflagration." (44)

FISA Good – Political Capital Shell That’s key to prevent a terrorist attack AP, 2/13/08 Bush on Terrorist Surveillance, Speech by president Bush Director, thank you for joining me. …. And they must do so immediately.

Extinction Yonah Alexander, professor and director of the Inter-University for Terrorism Studies, 8/28/03 (Washington Times) Last week's brutal suicide bombings in …and global security concerns.

Saudi Deal Good Rejecting the Saudi deal would devastate relations with Saudi Arabia. Marwan Kabalan, lecturer in media and international relations, Faculty of Political Science and Media, Damascus University, Syria, 8/2/2007. “Arms deal strengthens US-Saudi alliance,” Gulf News, http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/07/08/03/10143802.html. Before arriving in the Middle … alliance with Riyadh.

US-Saudi relations are a critical aspect of stability and security—they prevent other middle east conflicts from escalating. James Russel Senior Lecturer for the Department of National Security Affairs, 2002. "Deconstructing the U.S.-Saudi Partnership?", Strategic Insights September 3 at the Center for Contemporary Conflict. As a lynchpin of U.S. security strategy … consequences for regional security.

Middle East conflict causes global nuclear war Steinbach 2002 – Analyst, Center for Research on Globalisation http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/STE203A.html Meanwhile, the existence of an arsenal of mass ... - the deepening Middle East conflict could trigger a world conflagration." (44)

Merida Good – Political Capital 1NC

Calderon will pass reforms vital to sustain Pemex – but he needs political support of the Left Stratfor, Strategic Forecasting, “Calderon's Overhaul Moves Ahead”, 9-20-2007, Premium Service, [|http://www.stratfor.com/mexico_calderons_overhaul_moves_ahead)] The Mexican Congress approved the final … he is in a very strong position to try.

Rejecting Merida inflames the Left and undermines Calderon Jorge Chabat, Professor – Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, “U.S.-Mexico Security Cooperation”, CFR, 10-30-2007, http://www.cfr.org/publication/14594/usmexico_security_cooperation.html As Armand points out, … clear that it is happening right now.

Pemex collapse causes a global recession Kurt Cobb, Energy Writer, “Mexico and the First Peak Oil Mass Migration”, Resource Insights, 4-1-2007, http://www.energybuletin.net/28128.html More than a third of Mexico's … and their desperation rise.

Global nuclear war Walter Russel Mead, Senior Felow – Council on Foreign Relations, New Perspectives Quarterly, Summer 1992, p. 30 The failure to develop … in the 1930's.