Fullerton+Union+GS+–+Robin+Gray+and+??+neg

Elections

 * Uniqueness – Democrats will win the white house in 2008 **
 * Moulitsas 11/26/07 (Newsweek) **
 * Bush’s Popularity is key to republicans retaining the white house in 2008 **
 * Sorg 5/2/07 (The Independent Weekly) **
 * Giving aid is popular – any reason it’s unpopular is based on misinformation **
 * Evans 5/07 (The Soapbox) **



India Deal
Link – Aid to Africa jacks Bush’s political capital –funding health assistance trades off with Bush’s ability to pass 123. Institute for International Economics 05 [THE POLITICS OF U.S. FOREIGN AID, 2005, http://www.iie.com/publications/chapters_preview/321/3iie2911.pdf ] And Unique Internal Link, Political capital is key to passage of the deal. Financial Times, 7/22 (Jo Johnson, Asia-Pacific, India, “US-India talks leave N-deal unclear,” http://www.ft.com/cms/s/ad073bbe-387c-11dc-bca9-0000779fd2ac.html ) Impact – the 123 agreement is key to sustaining good US-India relations. Schaffer, 7/12, Director for the South Asia Program with the Center for Strategic & International Studies, Former US Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for South Asia & Former Ambassador to Sri Lanka (Teresita, "Nuclear friends in need: Increasing business and education ties between India and the US lead to shared foreign-policy interests," Yale Center for the Study of Globalization, http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=9386 ) And, US-India relations prevent Indo-Pak conflict. Rashid, 7/23, Former Bangladesh Ambassador to the UN, Geneva (Harun ur, The Daily Star, Vol. 5, Num. 1118, “Growing US-India relationship,” http://www.thedailystar.net/2007/07/23/d70723020329.htm ) Finally, Indo-Pak war is the most likely chance of extinction. Fai, 2001, Executive Director of the Washington-based Kashmiri American Council (Dr. Ghulam Nabi, “India Pakistan Summit and the Issue of Kashmir,” 7/8, Washington Times, http://www.pakistanlink.com/Letters/2001/July/13/05.html )



African Inflation
A. INFLATION IN AFRICA HAS REMAINED LOW Polya Lesova, Market Watch, Jun 21, 2006, online: http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/investors-africaseeking-undervalued-names/story.aspx?guid=%7B08EE43BE-ACF9-4F3D-864B-827C57F7207B%7D B. AID TO AFRICAN ECONOMIES CAUSES RAPID INFLATION, SPILLING OVER INTO OTHER SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY. Steele et al., 06-- environmental economist in Sri Lanka – 2006 (Paul, Sisira Jayasuriya, Director Asian Economics Center, Dr. Dushni Weerakoon, Deputy Director and Fellow at the UNDP Office in Colombo, "Aid, Cost Inflation and 'Dutch Disease': Effects and Implications," Asian Development Bank institute, research paper no. 71, June 6, http://www.adbi.org/research-paper/2006/06/06/1888.tsunami.sri.lanka/aid.cost.inflation.and.dutch.disease.effects.and.implications/ ) C. IMPACT 1. AFRICAN INFLATION RISKS HYPERINFLATION- BIGGEST ECONOMIC IMPACT SHORT OF NUCLEAR WAR Akpor Enaye and Accra Mail (Ghana’s leading private newspaper), November 20, 2000, Ghana; Agenda Doomsayers or Prophets, LexisNexis 2. ECONOMIC DECLINE CAUSES EXTINCTION. BEARDEN- 2000 (T.E former LTC U.S. Army, Director of the Assoc. of Distinguished American Scientists, Fellow Emeritus @ Alpha Foundation’s Institute for Advanced Study, 6/24/,[ http://www.seaspower.com/EnergyCrisis-Bearden.htm ]



A. Link
== The Foreign aid that the aff provides serves as a mask for imperialist intentions in Sub-Saharan Africa, dictated by corporate interests, that has rapidly deteriorated the healthcare infrastructure of the region killing any ability for them to solve any of their harms that simply serves as an avenue for American private economic interests to penetrate into the region. ==

TORRANT 02
==Torrant 02 (Julie Torrant, Ph.D. Candidate in English at State University of New York at Albany, “Global AIDS and the Imperialist State: The Ends of Bourgeois Moralism”, The Red Critique, May/June 2002, http://www.redcritique.org/MayJune02/globalaidsandtheimperialiststate.htm )==

B. Impact
== Capitalist modes of productions make humans expendable and justify every atrocity. As capitalism enters new dimensions, the prospects of genocide and extinction are inevitable if we do not reject these capitalistic fronts. ==

B. Impact
== Capitalist modes of productions make humans expendable and justify every atrocity. As capitalism enters new dimensions, the prospects of genocide and extinction are inevitable if we do not reject these capitalistic fronts. ==

C. The Alternative

 * The Alternative is to vote negative. **
 * Capitalism is the root cause of all problems and thus only voting negative would allow us to solve the system. **

(Frederick, Executive Director of Africa Today Associates, “State Power, Capitalism and Development” International Affairs Journal at UC Davis. 6/6, < http://davisiaj.com/content/view/205/95/ >)


Representations/Bruckner/Guilt Kritik

 * A. The depictions of catastrophes in the 1AC are not reality - they are sensationalized reports from media sources that objectify the targets of their charity. **
 * Bruckner 1986 (Pascal, Writer Activist, __The Tears of the White Man: (as Contempt)__ **
 * B. The disaster imagery of the 1AC is inevitably corrupted into oversimplified generalizations that relegate Africans to subhuman status – these stereotypes foster institutionalized discrimination that culminates in real violence **
 * Sankore 05, **[|**http://www.bond.org.uk/networker/2005/april05/opinion.htm**]
 * C. Appealing to guilt absolves us from doing anything that actually changes the world. They present suffering to us, but keep it at arm’s length which numbs us and makes us passive to suffering **
 * Bruckner 1986 (Pascal, Writer Activist, __The Tears of the White Man: (as Contempt)__ **
 * D. The alternative is to vote negative. Our kritik is a prerequisite to discussions of the outcome of the plan. Evaluate our kritik as a gateway issue – before you can decide the question of the efficacy of the plan you must decide the validity of their representations **
 * Dauber 01 ( **[|**http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/rhetoric_and_publicaffairs/v004/4.4dauber.html**]** ) **



NATO CP

 * Text: The United States federal government should engage in prior binding consultation with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization over the mandates of the affirmative plan. The United States will follow, implement, and fully enforce the outcome of the consultation. Funding and enforcement guaranteed. **
 * Competition **
 * 1) **The counterplan tests resolved**
 * 2) **competitive via net benefits**
 * Solvency **
 * 1. We solve 100% of your case **
 * Chernoff, //After Bipolarity: The Vanishing Threat, Theories of Cooperation, the Future of the Atlantic Alliance//, 1995 **
 * 2. Consultation with NATO over Africa is key **
 * Ames //Associated Press// 12/17/2005 **
 * 1) **Non Consultation creates friction- Only genuine consultation can maintain the alliance Christian science monitor 97**
 * 2) **US engagement with Europe through Nato is key to US hegemony- NATO increases influence contains European power and allows for power projection Ruhle Parameters 03 Khalizad**
 * 3) **NATO is key to democracy foreign affairs Wallander 02**
 * 4) **Democraxy solves multiple scenerios for massive death Rummel 03 Freedom, democracy, peace, power, democide, and war introduction**



Topicality – All of SSA

 * __ A. DEFINITIONS __**** - PUBLIC HEALTH ASSISTANCE DEALS WITH HEALTH AT THE POPULATION LEVEL- THIS EXCLUDES SUBSETS. **
 * COMMISSION ON BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES AND EDUCATION 1997 ** (Enhancing Organizational Performance. http:// [|books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5128&page=151] )
 * 2. THE RESOLUTION DESIGNATES THE POPULATION IN QUESTION AS “SUB SAHARAN AFRICA” **
 * OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY, 1989 (online) **
 * 3. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA IS THE ENTIRETY OF THE REGION SOUTH OF THE SAHARA. **
 * WORDNET 06 [ ** "Sub-Saharan africa." WordNet® 3.0. Princeton University. 01 Jul. 2007. .]
 * __ B. VIOLATION __**** - THE AFF DOES NOT INCREASE PUBLIC HEALTH ASSISTANCE TO SUB SAHARAN AFRICA, THEY ONLY INCREASE IT TO_____________. **
 * __ C. STANDARDS __**** - **
 * 1. PREDICTABLE LIMITS **
 * 2. GROUND **
 * D. T IS A VOTER BECAUSE IT KEEPS DEBATES FAIR AND EDUCATIONAL. **



Topicality – Government to Government

 * __ A. DEFINITION __**** - PUBLIC HEALTH ASSISTANCE IS GOVERNMENT-TO-GOVERNMENT. **
 * MONTAGU & PRATA 05 ** (Dominic & Ndola, UC-San Fran, http://medschool.ucsf.edu/intlprograms/IHCurriculum /IHCourses.aspx)
 * __ B. VIOLATION __**** - THE AFF INTERACTS WITH NON GOVERNMENTAL ACTORS. **
 * __ C. STANDARDS __**** - **
 * 1. PREDICTABLE LIMITS **
 * 2. GROUND **
 * D. T IS A VOTER BECAUSE IT KEEPS DEBATES FAIR AND EDUCATIONAL. **



Topicality – Assistance must be money

 * 1) **__DEFINITION__****- ASSISTANCE MEANS THE TRANSFER OF FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL AID.**
 * Merriam-Webster's Dictionary. 2006 ** . ("Assistance." < http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary >.)
 * 1) **__VIOLATION-__** **THE AFFIRMATIVE DOES NOT SEND MONEY TO SUB SAHARAN AFRICA.**
 * 2) **__STANDARDS-__**
 * 3) **PREDICTABLE LIMITS**
 * 4) **GROUND**
 * 5) **T IS A VOTER BECAUSE IT KEEPS DEBATES FAIR AND EDUCATIONAL.**



ASPEC

 * 1) **THE AFFIRMATIVE MUST SPECIFY THE AGENT THAT ENACTS THE PLAN.**
 * 2) **THE PLAN ONLY SAYS USFG. EVALUATE THE PLAN IN A VACCUM.**
 * 3) **THIS IS A VOTER.**
 * 4) **GROUND-**
 * 5) **EDUCATION-**
 * 6) **TAKES OUT SOLVENCY.**
 * Elmore, ** Professor of public affairs at U Washington, 19**80** [Political science quarterly, pg. 605, (m7,06)]