Bishop+Guertin+CP+-+Chris+Power+&+Katryna+Cadle+aff

=PNEUMONIA AFF= CHAPTER ONE HUMANITY IS DESTROYING THE PLANT – ALL ATROCITIES HAVE MATERIALIZED FROM A LACK OF ETHICAL RELATIONSHIP. THE BEST STARTING POINT FOR A NEW ETHICS IS TO AID NEGLECTED CHILDREN Hamblet 2003 (Wendy C., California State University, Hegeler Institute, available at http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-24825321_ITM; 7/1, The geography of goodness: proximity's dilemma and the difficulties of moral response to the distant sufferer.(Moral Distance)

MOREOVER, THE ANTIBIOTICS WHICH CURE PNEUMONIA WERE INTRODUCED INTO THE UNITED STATES IN THE 1930s – DESPITE THIS, PNEUMONIA IS STILL THE LARGEST KILLER OF CHILDREN IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES Mulholland 2007 [Prof Kim MD, Childhood pneumonia mortality—a permanent global emergency, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Available online 19 July]

YOU MIGHT FIND YOURSELF WONDERING – WHY ARE THESE CHILDREN DYING – THE SIMPLE ANSWER IS THAT PNEUMONIA WAS CURED IN THE UNITED STATES 80s YEARS AGO – THE MEANINGLESS DEATHS OF ELEVEN MILLION CHILDREN DON’T EVEN CONSTITUTE A BLIP ON THE RADAR BECAUSE THEY HAVE BEEN RENDERED DISPOSABLE Stapp 2003 [By Katherine, HEALTH: Preventable Diseases Claim 11 Million Children Each Year, http://ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews=19110]

THUS CHRIS AND I ADVOCATE THE FOLLOWING PLAN –

RESOLVED: THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASE PUBLIC HEALTH ASSISTANCE BY DISTRIBUTING PNEUMOCOCAL VACCINATION AND HIB VACCINATION TO THE AREAS DESIGNATED BY THE RESOLUTION

CHAPTER TWO EXPLICIT COMMITMENT TO MATERIAL TRANSFER OF PUBLIC HEALTH RESOURCES TO AFRICA’S CRUCIAL TO REVERSE THE MOST EXTREME FORM OF WESTERN SACRIFICE – THE WITHHOLDING OF RESOURCES INFLICTS SYSTEMIC AMERICAN-SPONSORED SACRIFICE ON AFRICA GANDY 2K5 [PF GEOGRAPHY – UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON, [MATTHEW, PLoS Medicine, vol 2, no 1, “Deadly Alliances: Death, Disease, and the Global Politics of Public Health, January]

THE CONSIDERATION OF SOME POPULATIONS AS DISPOSABLE AND IRRELEVANT TO THE NEOLIBERAL MACHINE IS THE BASIS FOR GENOCIDE AND WAR, CULMINATING IN EXTINCTION Santos 2003 [Boaventura, Professor at the University of Cambria, “Collective Suicide?” Bad Subjects #73]

WE HAVE THE VACCINES; ALL WE NEED IS TO FOSTER THE POLITICAL WILL IN WESTERN COUNTRIES TO EFFECTIVELY DISTRIBUTE THEM Levine & Hajjeh 2007 [Orin, Rana, Executive Director of GAVI's PneumoADIP, Director of GAVI's HibInitiative Africa News, Africa; Preventing Pneumonia: The Number One Killer of Africa's Children, GAVI's PneumoADIP & HibInitiative, lexis] WE HAVE THE VACCINES TO CURE PNEUOMINA – WE ONLY MUST DISTRIBUTE THEM MORE EFFECTIVELY Africa News 2007 [Kenya; The World Must Fight Pneumonia And Meningitis, East African Standard, lexis, The writer is Nigeria's Minister for Health and president of the International Paediatric Association]

IN ADDITION, WE MUST RECONFIGURE ETHICS AS LIMITLESS RESPONSIBILITY TO OTHERS – NO GOVERNMENT WILL REALIZE UNCONDITIONAL HOSPITALITY, WE MUST HOLD THE DREAM OF DEMOCRACY TO COME AS OUR POLITICAL OBJECTIVE TO CREATE AN UNENDING CAMPAIGN FOR JUSTICE AND PREVENTS ANY POLITICAL SYSTEM FROM DELVING INTO GENOCIDAL SOLUTIONS Corey 2k4, Paul, professor at McMaster University, “Totality and Ambivalence: Postmodern Responses to Globalization and the American Empire,” from the 20th Annual Meeting of the Eric Voegelin Society, http://www.artsci.lsu.edu/voegelin/EVS/2004%20Papers/Corey2004.htm

MOREOVER, A POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY BASED ONLY UPON WHAT WE CAN GRASP AS AN OBJECT OF KNOWLEDGE GUARANTEES OUR POLITICAL LOGIC WILL EXCLUDE THOSE OUTSIDE OUR UNDERSTANDING, ALLOWING US TO ELIMINATE THEM WITHOUT REPERCUSSIONS – WE MUST COMMIT TO AN ETHICS OF RESPONSIBILITY THAT TRANSCENDS INTELLIGIBILITY Campbell 1994, David, senior lecturer, Australian National University, “The Deterritorializaiton of Responsibility: Levinas, Derrida, and Ethics After the End of Philosophy,” 19 Alternatives 455-484

=GLOBAL HEALTH SERVICE=
 * The United States federal government should establish a Global Health Service to expand the capacity of community health workers in the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief focus countries in the area designated by the resolution. **
 * Contention 1 is Diseases **
 * Assistance is being increased but will be ineffective without a more robust health care workforce **
 * The Joint Learning Initiative, 4 ** (The Joint Learning Initiative is a consortium of over 100 global health leaders, “Human resources for health: overcoming the crisis,” The Lancet Vol 364 Iss 9449, pages 1984-1990, November 27- December 3, Science Direct database)
 * In particular, Africa’s poor health infrastructure cripples efforts to prevent disease spread **
 * Garret **, **7** (Laurie, Senior Fellow for Global Health at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Prepared Statement Before the Senate Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations and Related Programs,” 4-18-2007, [|www.cfr.org/publication/13130/] )
 * In the short term, there will be millions of preventable death EACH YEAR **
 * States News Service, 7 ** (“Bipartisan Group of Senators Introduce African Health Capacity Investment of 2007”, March 7, Lexis-Nexis Universe)
 * The impact outweighs any disadvantage – AIDS kills hundreds of millions of people, causes genocide, ethnic cleansing and economic collapse – this both makes war more likely and magnifies its impact **
 * Singer, 2 ** (Peter W., Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution: Director of the 21st Century Defense Initiative, PhD in Government Harvard University, Department of Defense-Balkans Task Force, “AIDS and International Security”, Spring 2002, Survival Vol. 44, No. 1, Spring 2002, Pg. 145-148, [|www.brookings.edu/dybdocroot/views/articles/fellows/2002_singer.pdf] )
 * The cycle of AIDS transmission and war will allow the virus to mutate, become airborne and spread worldwide **
 * Singer, 2 ** (Peter W., Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution: Director of the 21st Century Defense Initiative, PhD in Government Harvard University, Department of Defense-Balkans Task Force, “AIDS and International Security”, Spring 2002, Survival Vol. 44, No. 1, Spring 2002, Pg. 145-148, [|www.brookings.edu/dybdocroot/views/articles/fellows/2002_singer.pdf] )
 * The impact is extinction **
 * Muchiri, 2000 ** (Michael Kibaara; Staff Member at Ministry of Education in Nairobi; “Will Annan finally put out Africa’s fires?” Jakarta Post; March 6; Lexis-Nexis Universe)
 * A Global Health Service will mobilize thousands of health workers – federal leadership is key **
 * Mullan **, **7** (Fitzhugh, MD, Department of Health Policy, George Washington University, JAMA, “Responding to the Global HIV/AIDS Crisis: A Peace Corps for Health,” 2-21-2007, 297:744-746, American Medical Association Journals database)

The Global Health Service will quickly serve as a catalyst to build new healthcare capacity

 * Davis, 5 ** (Paul Davis, Director of Government Relations @ Health Global Access Project,“Strategic US Initiatives for Health Workforce Self Sufficiency in Developing Nations,” Health Gap Global Access Project, 12-1-2005, http://healthgap.org/HCWmemo.html )
 * The plan will create a sustainable health system that is not susceptible to brain drain **
 * Davis, 5 ** (Paul Davis, Director of Government Relations @ Health Global Access Project,“Strategic US Initiatives for Health Workforce Self Sufficiency in Developing Nations,” Health Gap Global Access Project, 12-1-2005, http://healthgap.org/HCWmemo.html )
 * Community health workers provide a long-term solution to Africa’s healthcare worker shortage – they won’t migrate from the country **
 * Dovio, 5 ** (Dr. Delanyo Dovlo, Chief of Party @ Population Council, Accra, Ghana and Former District Director of Medical Services, Former Regional Director in the Western Region, and the Former National Director of Human Resource Development. “Filling the gaps: Introducing substitute health workers in Africa.” id21 Insights Health, Vol 7, August 2005, [|www.id21.org/insights/insights-h07/insights-issh07-art05.html] )

Contention 2 is Public Health Diplomacy

 * U.S. credibility is at an all time low – a commitment to public health is necessary to repair America’s image **
 * Fortin, 7 ** (Fred, worked in health care delivery for over 35 years and his experience ranges from mental health crisis intervention, child abuse prevention, studying AIDS in Africa, to university teaching and corporate health care strategic policy development, World Health Care Blog, “Soft Power and U.S. Health Care Revisited,” 6-12-2007, [|www.worldhealthcareblog.org/2007/06/12/soft-power-and-us-health-care-revisited/] )

Building upon the PEPFAR will help the U.S. rekindle international partnerships and create a sustainable foundation for benevolent hegemony

 * The Lancet, 5 ** (Editorial, “America at home and abroad,” Jan 1-Jan 7, 2005, vol. 365, no. 945, Proquest)
 * In particular, the Global Health Service will uniquely foster relationships and multicultural understanding to overwhelm anti-American abroad **
 * Mullan, et al, 5 ** (Fitzhugh Mullan, Professor of Prevention and Community Health at George Washington University, Claire Panosian, Patricia Cuff, Editors, Board of Global Health at the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, Healers Abroad: Americans Responding to the Human Resource Crisis in HIV/AIDS, 4-19-2005, [|www.nap.edu/catalog/11270.html#toc] )
 * This positive image of America promoted by the GHS will persist over time **
 * Mullan, et al, 5 ** (Fitzhugh Mullan, Professor of Prevention and Community Health at George Washington University, Claire Panosian, Patricia Cuff, Editors, Board of Global Health at the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, Healers Abroad: Americans Responding to the Human Resource Crisis in HIV/AIDS, 4-19-2005, [|www.nap.edu/catalog/11270.html#toc] )
 * A commitment to improving public health abroad is essential to reverse negative perceptions of the U.S. and sustain soft power leadership **
 * Benatar & Fox, 5 ( ** Solomon R. Benatar – Professor of Medicine and Bioethics at the University of Capetown, and Renée C. Fox – Professor of Sociology and Bioethics at the University of Pennsylvania, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, “Meeting Threats to Global Health: A call for American leadership,” 48.3 (2005) 344-361, Project Muse, JMP)
 * Soft power is key to hard power – its decline will cause domestic isolationism **
 * Nye, 4 ** (Joseph, dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, Political Science Quarterly, Summer, ebsco)
 * The collapse of U.S. soft power will shatter global cooperation – making nuclear proliferation, environmental destruction, failed states and diseases inevitable **
 * Reiffel, 5 ** (Lex, Visiting Fellow at the Global Economy and Development Center of the Brookings Institution, The Brookings Institution, Reaching Out: Americans Serving Overseas, 12-27-2005, [|www.brookings.edu/views/papers/20051207rieffel.pdf] )
 * Finally, the collapse of U.S. leadership will unleash conflicts – resulting great power wars **
 * Thayer, 6 ** (Bradley A., Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Minnesota, Duluth, The National Interest, November -December, “In Defense of Primacy”, lexis)
 * Contention 3 is Terrorism **
 * Failed states in Sub-Saharan Africa will are becoming hubs for terrorists – allowing for an attack against the U.S. **
 * Dempsey, 6 ** (Thomas, Director of African Studies @ U.S. Army War College and served as a strategic intelligence analyst for Africa at the John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and as Chief of Africa Branch for the Defense Intelligence Agency, Counterterrorism in African Failed States: Challenges and Potential Solutions, April, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub649.pdf )
 * There is an immediate and significant risk that these terrorist hubs will obtain nuclear weapons – risking an attack on the U.S. homeland **
 * Dempsey, 6 ** (Thomas, Director of African Studies @ U.S. Army War College and served as a strategic intelligence analyst for Africa at the John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and as Chief of Africa Branch for the Defense Intelligence Agency, Counterterrorism in African Failed States: Challenges and Potential Solutions, April, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub649.pdf )

U.S. lashout will kill hundreds of millions
Sisk, 96 ** (Timothy, “Future U.S. Engagement in Africa Opportunities and Obstacles for Conflict Management” – United States Institute of Peace, July 1996, Special Report No. 17, http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/early/USAfrica1.html )
 * Easterbrook **, **1** (Greg, Fellow at the Brookings Institute, CNN, “America's New War: Nuclear Threats,” 11-1-2001, http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0111/01/gal.00.html )
 * Nuclear terrorism will cause extinction **
 * Sid-Ahmed, 4 ** (Mohamed, Managing Editor for Al-Ahali, “Extinction!” August 26-September 1, Issue no. 705, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm )
 * In addition, the lack of US involvement in African affairs has decreased US credibility within the continent – reversal of this trend is crucial to prevent African instability, a collapse of free trade and hegemony, and environmental catastrophes

The plan will build international cooperation to successful carry out the war on terror

 * Senator Frist, 6 ** (Senator Bill Frist, Senate Majority Leader, National Review Online, “Corps Diplomacy: A Healthy Approach,” 2-7-2006, [|www.nationalreview.com/comment/frist200602070749.asp], JMP)
 * Targeted public health assistance will improve the image of the U.S. in Africa and prevent terrorism from failed states **
 * Tsang, 6 ** (Steve, PhD Philosophy University of Oxford, Intelligence and Human Rights in the Are of Global Terrorism, Praeger Security International, Westport Connecticut, London, Pg. 162-163.)
 * The result is trust and dialogue with countries will pave the way for the resolution of conflicts **
 * Indianapolis Star – quoting Former Senate Major Leader Bill Frist – 2007 ** (Bill Theobald, “Frist targets global health: Former Senate majority leader sees health care as the 'currency of peace'” 6-3-2007, [|www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070603/NATIONWORLD/706030435/-1/LOCAL17] )



Politics Link Turns
Turn – plan is bipartisan

African Business News 2006 ("US Senators introduce African Health Capacity Investment Act of 2006," African Business News, August 4, http://www.mbendi.co.za/a_sndmsg/news_view.asp?I=76842&PG=35)

And, bipartisanship is key to the agenda MARKET WATCH 11 – 8 - 6

And bipartisanship uniquely low now Washington Post 8/3/07 Hill, White House Draw Battle Lines [|www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/02/AR2007080202258.html?hpid=topnews]

Turn – public support

A) There is tremendous public support for combating AIDS. Zietz et al. 03- (Dr. Paul Zietz, staff writer and researcher for PEPFAR, Global AIDS Alliance "2003 Annual Report- Section D", [|www.globalaidsalliance.org/docs/2003annualreport.doc])

Engaging Africa in the war on terror is extremely popular with the public World Public Opinions Online 2003 ("Americans on Africa" Program on International Policy Attitudes, University of Maryland http://www.americans-world.org/digest/regional_issues/africa/africa1.cfm)

B) Passing Popular policies insures victories in congress – studies prove SPITZER 93 Prof of Poli Sci, State University of New York [Robert J., President and Congress: Executive Hegemony at the Crossroads of American Government]

C) Public Approval for Bush is at an all time low Dobbs 07 Lou, daily commentator on CNN, 7/11/, Dobbs: Lame ducks in a row, CNN.com. http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/07/10/Dobbs.July11/index.html?iref=newssearch [Nikki Nabulsi].

Turn – base Aid to AIDS victims is uniquely popular with Bush's base The Washington Post 2006 (Michael A. Fletcher, Staff Writer, "Bush Has Quietly Tripled Aid to Africa," December 31, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/30/AR2006123000941.html)

b. Base support key to agenda Light 1999 [Paulette Goddard Professor of Public Service, New York University; Founding Director, Brookings Center for Public Service; Senior Adviser, National Commission on the Public Service; Senior Adviser, Brookings Presidential Appointee Initiative –(Paul, The President's Agenda: Domestic Policy Choice from Kennedy to Clinton, p. 27-28)]

c. Bush has no support from his base. Linda Feldman, 6/13/07, Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0613/p01s04-uspo.html?page=1