Lexington+LS+Neg

Lexington LS – Negative – At-Large Team

SSA K

A. Their Spike is a Link

The use of Topically Designated Areas maintains the concept of a division across the Sahara, but tries to minimize the word’s offensiveness by cloaking it in euphemism

Random House Dictionary, 2006 http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/euphemism

The act or … business" (Jessica Mitford)

Their euphemism normalizes the racialized division of the continent, and causes nuclear war by ignoring cruelty

Elias Davidsson, editor for The Centre for Research on Globalization, Revised November 2003 (The Mechanism of economic sanctions: Changing Perceptions and Euphemisms, http://www.aldeilis.net/english/images/stories/economicsanctions/debate.pdf, Original from March 2002)

In order to effectively describe a … to achieve their declared purpose?

B. The Colonial Division

The delineation of a sub-Saharan region is a tool of colonial ideology, which homogenizes Africa, confiscates culture to portray a one way movement of ideas, and enforces subordinating racial divisions.

Owen 'Alik Shahadah director, African academic, writer, musician, photographer and music producer, 2005 www.itzcaribbean.com/linguistics_african.php

The notion of some … (which it annexed in antiquity).

Aid agencies use the term sub-Saharan’s power to extend the colonial mentality into history, sanitizing colonialism’s image while legitimizing new colonial acts

Olu Oguibe, Associate Professor of African-American Studies, U Connecticut, 2003 (In the 'Heart of Darkness', http://www.africansocieties.org/n4/eng/esoticita.htm)

Prehistory. History. … of the West.

This colonialism is a result of the concept of a bioregional division of the continent not the words alone

Ekwe-Ekwe 7 Professor of History and Politics and Director of the Centre for Cross-Cultural Studies, leading scholar on conflicts and change in contemporary Africa, (Herbert, 5/28, What is "sub-Sahara Africa"?, http://www.guardiannewsngr.com/editorial_opinion/article04/280507, AG)

Rather than some … African task of the contemporary era.

Imperialism causes extinction, and has empirically killed more than war

Eckhardt 90 (William, Lentz Peace Research Laboratory, “Civilization, Empires, and Wars,” Journal of Peace Research 27:1, p 15-6, AG)

Wright looked at … Life itself may depend upon our choice.

C. The alternative

Our 5 region division avoids the racism and homogenization of the two region division

Exploring Africa, No Date (http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/students/curriculum/m20/)

Nodal regions: … nor will the integrity of our curriculum be compromised.

Colombia FTA Bad

Unique Internal: Columbia FTA not passing now – Bush doesn’t have enough influence with democrats – concessions are key.

Federal News Service, 1/30/8 [“MEDIA ROUNDTABLE WITH THOMAS SHANNON, ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE FOR WESTERN HEMISPHERE AFFAIRS, AND DANIEL SULLIVAN, ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE FOR ECONOMIC, ENERGY AND BUSINESS AFFAIRS (AS RELEASED BY THE STATE DEPARTMENT)”;LOCATION: WASHINGTON, D.C., p. Lexis]

STAFF: I think we're … cross-section of issues

Link: Health assistance is popular with democrats

Dugger – journalist for The New York Times – 2/2/7 (Celia Dugger, “Bush Gets Aid of Democrats in Fighting Pandemics,” http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/02/world/africa/02health.html?ex=1183176000&en=dd7ca714de4cc47b&ei=5070) <At a time of … spending levels

The Colombian FTA destroys the Amazon

CTC (Citizens Trade Campaign) 7 http://www.citizenstrade.org/pdf/ctc_Colombia_Environment.pdf Rolling Back Environmental Protection … protect the upper Amazon Basin.

Extinction results

Takacs 96 - teaches environmental humanities (history, ethics, justice, politics) in the Institute for Earth Systems Science and Policy at California State (David, “The Idea of Biodiversity: Philosophies of Paradise,” 1996, pg. 200-201) So biodiversity keeps … with a bang but a whimper.14