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GENETICS 1AC

AFRICA IS KEY TO GENETIC DIVERSITY BUT REMAINS UNDERSTUDIED—THIS IS KEY TO DISEASE PREVENTION
REED AND TISHKOFF 2006 (Floyd and Sarah, Dept of Biology, U of Maryland, Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, December)

“The continent of __Africa is thought … health care from studies of genetic diversity in Africa__.”

THE HUMAN GENOME DIVERSITY PROJECT IS TOO SMALL—MORE DATA FROM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA IS NECESSARY TO ESTABLISH EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
REED AND TISHKOFF 2006 (Floyd and Sarah, Dept of Biology, U of Maryland, Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, December)

“However, __more information__ about … __modern humans from genetic data__.”

COLLECTING GENETIC SURVEILLANCE DATA IS PUBLIC HEALTH ASSISTANCE
BALE 2003 (Judith R. Bale, Barbara J. Stoll, and Adetokunbo O. Lucas; Editors, Committee on Improving Birth Outcomes, Board on Global Health, Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, __Reducing Birth Defects: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World__, netlibrary)

“Recommendation 15. __Each country should …__contribute to renewed efforts to reduce the impact of birth defects in the developing world.”

THE PLAN IS TOPICAL—IT’S DISEASE PREVENTION AND THE CDC DEFINES STUDIES ON VARIATION AS PART OF PUBLIC HEALTH
NATIONAL OFFICE OF PUBLIC HEALTH GENOMICS 2007 (Division of the CDC for genetics and public health, “Using Genetic Information to Improve Health and Prevent Disease,” http://www.cdc.gov/genomics/training/perspectives/factshts/geneinfo.htm)

__“Virtually all human diseases … factors that interact with genes to produce disease__.”

contention two: RACISM
==CURRENT STUDIES MISINTERPRET AFRICAN DIVERSITY TO MAINTAIN RACIST CONCEPTS OF BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EUROPEANS AND SUB-SAHARAN AFRICANS—NEW STUDIES OF EVOLUTION AND GENETIC DIFFERENCE DECONSTRUCT BIOLOGICAL RACISM== KITTLES AND KEITA 1999 (Rick, Dept. of Microbiology at Howard U; S.O.Y., Field Museum of Chicago, African Archaeological Review, 16 (2))

__“Explanations of human biological … within Africa and obviates the need for racial thinking and its associated baggage__.”

STUDY OF GENETIC VARIATION IS CRITICAL TO SOLVE RACISM—FAILURE TO STUDY ALLOWS RACIST SCIENCE TO PLAY UP DIFFERENCES
LEROI 2005 (Armand, Reader in Evolutionary Developmental Biology at Imperial College and winner of the Scientist for the New Century Medal, __Mutants: On Genetic Variety and the Human Body__, p 346)

“The claim that human genetics is …__through the cracks of our ignorance__.”

KOVEL, ‘88
[Joel, //White Racism: A Psychohistory//, p. xxix-xx] “ As people become dehumanized, … a place defined by racial oppositions.” [Joseph, Director of Crossroads, a ministry dedicated to breaking down racism, //Understanding and Dismantling Racism: The Twenty-First Century Challenge to White America//, p. 219-220, Yes it is a new book] “To dismantle racism is to tear down walls. The walls … __ world and ourselves, we dare not allow it to continue.” __
 * INDEPENDENTLY, YOU HAVE A MORAL OBLIGATION TO REJECT RACISM **
 * __ BARNDT, ‘7 __**

THE PLAN SOLVES DISEASE BY IDENTIFYING GENETIC RESISTANCE TRAITS—WE SOLVE MALARIA, AIDS, TUBERCULOSIS, AND EMERGING DISEASES WORLD WIDE AND AFRICA IS KEY TO GENETIC VARIATION
REED AND TISHKOFF 2006 (Floyd and Sarah, Dept of Biology, U of Maryland, Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, December)

“The continent of __Africa__ __is in dire need …__ of ascertainment bias in SNP selection for these genotyping arrays must be overcome.”

AIDS AND TUBERCULOSIS WILL CAUSE EXTINCTION
ZIMMERMAN AND ZIMMERMAN 1996 (Barry and David, both have M.S. degrees from Long Island University, Killer Germs p 85-87)

//“M. __tuberculosis__// is an opportunist. … //__greatest public health disaster the world has ever known__.”//

INFECTIOUS DISEASES WILL CAUSE EXTINCTION
ZIMMERMAN AND ZIMMERMAN 1996 (Barry and David, both have M.S. degrees from Long Island University, Killer Germs p 132)

“Then came AIDS…and Ebola …__the planet is the virus__” (A Dancing Matrix, by Robin Marantz Hening.”

CONTENTION FOUR: EUGENICS

GENETIC ENHANCEMENTS ARE INEVITABLE—GENE TECHNOLOGY WILL SPILL OVER AND LEGAL RESTRICTIONS WILL FAIL
ROSEN 2005 (Christine, Ethics & Public Policy Center, “Rehabilitating Eugenics,” Oct 19 web.princeton.edu/sites/jmadison/events/Rosen%20lecture.pdf)

“The most thoughtful __conservatives … that they have the right to do just that__.”

GENETIC MANIPULATION THREATENS HUMAN EXTINCTION BY FOCUSING ON A NARROW SET OF GENES—INCLUDING GENETIC DIVERSITY IS KEY TO SURVIVAL
VAKNIN 2006 (Shmuel, Ph.D. in the Philosophy of Physics, “Racing Down: Eugenics and the Future of the Human Species,” Last Mod 11-16-2006, samvak.tripod.com/eugenics.html)

__“Aren't eugenic criteria …improve the species' chances of survival more than any eugenic scheme__.”

EVEN TINY CHANGES THREATEN EXTINCTION—A ONE PERCENT LOSS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IS ENOUGH
HEAF 2000 (David, “Engineering the Human Germline,” http://www.ifgene.org/germline.htm)

__“Germline GE could eventually … genome when it involves millions of children will add up to a significant effect on the population__.”

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA IS KEY TO GENETIC DIVERSITY—THIS IS ESPECIALLY TRUE FOR ADAPTIVE GENES THAT SOLVE OUR IMPACT
REED AND TISHKOFF 2006 (Floyd and Sarah, Dept of Biology, U of Maryland, Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, December)

__“Africa contains a considerable … and medical studies is unparalleled__.”

GENETIC TECHNOLOGY IS KEY TO CHINESE GLOBAL LEADERSHIP BUT IT HASN’T SURPASSED THE UNITED STATES YET
YANG 2004 (Xiangzhong, Director of the Center for Regenerative Biology, U of Connecticut, Nature, March 11)

__“Human therapeutic cloning and__ … projects, __should be applied to human-embryo research and related biotechnologies__.”

CHINESE HEGEMONY RESULTS IN MASSIVE NUCLEAR AND BIOLOGICAL WAR WITH THE UNITED STATES
NYQUIST 2007 (Jeffrey, Former Contractor in Soviet/Russian Analysis Group for U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency, Former Ph.D. Student at UC-Irvine in Political Sociology, and widely syndicated columnist and published author, “China’s Military Strategy,” 3/09, http://www.financialsense.com/stormwatch/geo/pastanalysis/2007/0309.html)

“Of course, this plan of battle … __We blink and avert our gaze__.”

THIS RESULTS IN GLOBAL NUCLEAR WAR
STRAITS TIMES 2000  (“Regional Fallout: No One Gains in War Over Taiwan,” 6/25)

“THE high-intensity scenario postulates … puts sovereignty above everything else.”

CHINESE EUGENICS ARE INEVITABLE—GENETIC DIVERSITY STUDIES ARE CRITICAL TO ENHANCE U.S. TECHNOLOGY AND PREVENT CHINESE MILITARY HEGEMONY
SAILER 2000 (Steve, President of the Human Biodiversity Institute, American Outlook Magazine, Spring, http://www.isteve.com/Thatcher-Speech-Text.htm)

“Unencumbered by post-Christian … __Darwin is now—before the age of Galton fully arrives__.”

HEGEMONY PREVENTS GLOBAL TRANSITION CONFLICT POSEN AND ROSS 97 (Barry Posen, Professor of Political Science in the Defense and Arms Control Studies Program at MIT, Andrew Ross, Professor of National Security Studies at the Naval War College, International Security, Winter 1997)

“The United States can, more easily…even for those not directly involved.”

STRONG U.S. HEGEMONY DETERS ALL MAJOR GLOBAL CONFLICT. EVEN BACKLASH REMAINS ISOLATED AND CANNOT ESCALATE. THE ONLY RISK OF GLOBAL WAR IS FROM A WEAKENING OF THE UNITED STATES WALT 2K2 (Stephen, Belfer Professor of International Relations at Harvard, “American Primacy: Its Prospects and Pitfalls,” Naval War College Review)

“At the beginning of the Cold…overt challenges would be more likely.”

ALL THEIR TURNS ARE INEVITABLE – CHINESE BIOTECHNOLOGY SUCCESSES WILL EVENTUALLY ERODE WESTERN RESTRICTIONS THE NEW ATLANTIS 2K3 (A Journal of Technology and Society, May)

“So, the question now arises…ethical and legal limits in the West, too.”

Plan:

The United States federal government should provide genetic surveillance and sampling in East, West, Central, and Southern Africa to establish publicly available cell lines incorporating geographic data under appropriate ethical standards.

=CONGO= CONTENTION ONE: TERRORISM

THE MOST DANGEROUS NUCLEAR REACTOR IN THE WORLD IS IN THE CONGO. POLITICAL INSTABILITY, EXTREME POVERTY, AND THE LACK OF BASIC SAFEGUARDS MAKE DISASTER INEVITABLE, BUT LOCAL SCIENTISTS WILL INSIST ON POWERING UP THE DEATHTRAP BECAUSE THE U.S. IS NOT COMMITTED TO THE SAFE DEVELOPMENT OF CONGOLESE NUCLEAR POWER. SULLIVAN, 2K1 (Tim, AP Writer, “Congo Nurses An Old Nuclear Reactor,” 7/26, [|http://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/ap/20010726/wl/nuclear_congo_1.html)]

“In a crumbling concrete building on the … 10 to 15 years of Congolese atom-splitting .”

REGARDLESS OF RHETORIC, TERRORISTS DO NOT YET HAVE NUCLEAR WEAPONS BECAUSE THEY HAVE BEEN FOCUSING ON FORMER SOVIET STATES WHERE SECURITY IS STRONG. THE KINSHASA REACTOR IS UNIQUELY VULNERABLE, AND IT IS ONLY A MATTER OF TIME BEFORE AL QAEDA IS ARMED WITH AFRICAN HEAT. DALY ET. AL, 2K5 (Sara, Research Analyst at RAND, former CIA terrorism analyst, Middle East and South Asia, former CIA counterterrorism representative, Department of State; John Parachini, Director, Intelligence Policy Center, RAND National Security Research Division, former Executive Director, Washington office, Monterey Institute of International Studies' Center for Nonproliferation Studies; William Rosenau, Political Scientist at RAND, former Senior Policy Adviser in the State Department's counterterrorism office; “Aum Shinrikyo, Al Qaeda, and the Kinshasa Reactor: Implications of Three Case Studies for Combating Nuclear Terrorism,” [|http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/2005/RAND_DB458.pdf)]

“A third hypothesis is that the nuclear weapons and … but at the end of the day the controls provided by international accountability systems proved to be limited.”

THE KINSHASA REACTOR IS NOT MEETING IAEA SAFEGUARD STANDARDS, AND CURRENT POLICIES WILL FAIL TO MAKE THE SITE SAFE. THIS MAKES TERRORIST SMUGGLING INEVITABLE, AND INVALIDATES IAEA INSPECTION LEGITIMACY. CRAIL AND BERGENAS, 2K7 (Peter, Research Assistant at Center for Nonproliferation Studies, and Johan, Research Assistant at Center for Nonproliferation Studies, “Uranium Smuggling Allegations Raise Questions Concerning Nuclear Security In The Democratic Republic Of Congo,” WMD Insights, April, [|http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/other/wmdi070403a.htm)]

“Given the details that have unfolded thus … the recurring concerns regarding the security of the DRC’s nuclear resources. [18]”

AND, GROUPS ARE MOVING ON THE CONGO TO EXPLOIT THE REACTOR. REUTERS, 2K7 (Joe Bavier, “Congo scientist planned to export uranium-minister,” 3/08, [|http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L0845529.htm)]

“A government minister in Congo on Thursday … sensitive material: uranium and other radioactive minerals, " he told reporters.”

THE U.S. IS LOSING ALL CREDIBILITY ON PROLIFERATION BECAUSE OF A FAILURE TO SUPPORT NUCLEAR SAFEGUARDS AT UNSAFE FACILITIES. CRACKING DOWN IN THE CONGO IS THE NECESSARY PREREQUISITE TO ANY ATTEMPT TO STOP NUCLEAR MATERIALS FROM GETTING INTO THE HANDS OF TERRORISTS, AND ONCE THEY CROSS THIS THRESHOLD THE FIREWORKS WILL BEGIN. CROWLEY, 2K2 (Michael, senior editor at The New Republic, “W. Forgets the Nuclear Threat,” Old Guard, 9/09, [|http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=20020909&s=crowley090902)]

“But it's a win that almost didn't happen. Indeed, …the same places where they have languished, underfunded and largely ignored, for years.” TERRORISTS ARE WILLING TO USE NUCLEAR WEAPONS AGAINST THE u.s. AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS ARE A DIME A DOZEN. COHEN, 2K5 (Ariel, Ph.D., is Senior Research Fellow in Russian and Eurasian Studies in the Douglas and Sarah Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies at Heritage Foundation, 5/20, “Preventing a Nightmare Scenario: Terrorist Attacks Using Russian Nuclear Weapons and Materials,” [|http://www.heritage.org/Research/HomelandSecurity/bg1854.cfm)]

“In 2003, Sheikh Nasir bin Hamid al-Fahd, … a nuclear bomb. The IAEA has docu­mented cases of HEU theft.[11]”

ACCESS TO URANIUM IS THE FINAL STEP IN CONSTRUCTING A WEAPOn TAYLOR, 96 (Theodore, former nuclear weapons designer and former Deputy Director of the Defense Nuclear Agency, board member of the Nuclear Control Institute, “Nuclear Power and Nuclear Weapons,” July, [|http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/1996/07/00_taylor_nuclear-power.htm)]

“There are many possible degrees of drift or … and probably also for decades in the other four declared nuclear weapon states.”

a nuclear terror attack causes miscalculation and nuclear war
 * __SPEICE, 2K6__** (Patrick, J.D. Candidate 2006, Marshall-Wythe School of Law, College of William and Mary, “NEGLIGENCE AND NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION: ELIMINATING THE CURRENT LIABILITY BARRIER TO BILATERAL U.S.-RUSSIAN NONPROLIFERATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS,” William & Mary Law Review, Feb, l/n)

__“The potential consequences of the unchecked spread …__ conflicts will draw in the United States and escalate to the use of nuclear weapons. 53”

CONTENTION TWO: PROLIF

THE NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY IS UP FOR REVIEW, BUT NOW IS THE KEY TIME TO RESTORE REGIME CREDIBILITY.

JOHNSON, 2K7 (Rebecca, PhD is the executive director of the Acronym Institute, “Looking Towards 2010: What does the Nonproliferation Regime need?,” Disarmament Diplomacy, Spring, Iss. 84, [|http://www.acronym.org.uk/dd/dd84/84npt.htm)]

“Difficult though it may be, especially after … security needs of the 21st century, 40 years after the NPT was concluded.”

UNFORTUNATELY, THE U.S. IS GOING IT ALONE ON NONPROLIFERATION. FAILURE TO ACTIVELY PROMOTE IAEA NUCLEAR SAFEGUARDS COLLAPSES ANY HOPE OF REVIVING THE NPT.

WASHINGTON POST, 2K (William Drozdiak, “Missile Shield Eroding U.S. Arms Control Goals,” 6/15, l/n)

“Elbaradei had proposed this year … other countries have formally pledged to forgo nuclear weapons and accept IAEA inspections.”

CONGO HAS A UNIQUE PLACE IN THE NONPROLIFERATION SYSTEM. INCREASING SAFEGUARD CREDIBILITY IN AFRICA IS CRUTIAL TO N.P.T. CREDIBILITY. KAMANDA, 2K5 (Gerard, Minister of Scientific Research and Technology of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Interview in CTBTO Newsletter, Issue 6, July, [|http://www.ctbto.org/reference/outreach/260705_spectrum6_web_final.pdf)]

“Q: The Treaty of Pelindaba establishing the African … during the 48th Session of the General Conference of IAEA in September 2004.” INTERNATIONAL NON-PROLIF CREDIBILITY IS THE ONLY WAY TO PREVENT ROGUE STATES FROM SECRETLY DEVELOPING NUCLEAR WEAPONS. EVERY ALTERNATIVE TO STRENGTHENED SAFEGUARDS WILL FAIL. WASHINGTON POST, 2K (William Drozdiak, “Missile Shield Eroding U.S. Arms Control Goals,” 6/15, l/n)

“Many diplomats say the challenge now …spread of nuclear weapons is a fundamental American interest."

AND RAPID, COVERT PROLIFERATION IS UNIQUELY DESTABILIZING. EVEN REALISTS AGREE THAT WILDFIRE PROLIFERATION MUST BE PREVENTED. ROBERTS, 99 (Brad, research staff at the Institute for Defense Analyses in Alexandria, Virginia, and a member of the editorial board of The Nonproliferation Review, “Proliferation and Nonproliferation in the 1990s,” Nonproliferation Review, Fall)

“What then is at stake? In response to some catalytic event, entire regions could … others. Were it to unravel, the world would change fundamentally.”

THE IMPACT IS ESCALATORY NUCLEAR WAR. UTGOFF, 2K2 (Victor, Deputy Director of the Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division of the Institute for Defense Analyses, “Proliferation, Missile Defence, and American Ambitions,” Survival, V. 44, Summer)

“First, the dynamics of getting to a highly proliferated world could be very dangerous. … the bodies of dead cities or even whole nations.”

NUCLEAR PLANT FAILURE AND LEAKAGE ARE INEVITABLE WITHOUT THE STRENGTHENING OF IAEA SAFEGUARDS. THIS CAUSES MASSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE. MOLODSTOVA, 94 (Elena, former professor of International Law at Moscow State Institute of International Relations, “Nuclear Energy and Environmental Protection: Responses of International Law,” Pace Environmental Law Review, Fall, l/n)

“In this section, the author will show, first, that nuclear … within the scope of the IAEA inspectors's duties. 123 “

THE IMPACT IS EXTINCTION. GONÇALVES, 2K1 (Eduardo, environmental researcher, author of the reports Broken Arrow - Greenham Common's Secret Nuclear Accident and Nuclear Guinea Pigs - British Human Radiation Experiments, published by CNL) (UK), “The Secret Nuclear War,” Ecologist, April)

“But could radiation really be to blame for these deaths? Are … requires a new word to describe it: omnicide.”

CONTENTION THREE: SOLVENCY

ONLY THE UNITED STATES HAS THE TECHNICAL EXPERTISE AND EXPERIENCE TO INSPECT AND MONITOR FOREIGN NUCLEAR FACILITIES. EMPIRICALLY THIS IMPROVES SAFETY AND EFFICIENCY, AND OTHER COUNTRIES WILL MODEL THE IAEA SAFEGUARD SYSTEM IMPLEMENTED BY THE PLAN. FERTEL, 99 (Marvin, Senior Vice President, Nuclear Infrastructure Support & International Programs at Nuclear Energy Institute, “Testimony for the Record,” http://www.nei.org/newsandevents/speechesandtestimony/1999/senatetestimonyfertelextended, 3/17)

“The foundation for the U nited S tates' leadership role … culture worldwide by providing technical cooperation on safety-related issues.”

ONLY THE U.S. HAS EFFECTIVE REGULATORY SCHEMES FOR NUCLEAR PLANTS, AND THIS IS UNIQUELY IMPORTANT FOR THE CONGO. BURKE, 2K6 (Taylor, J.D., University of Tulsa, 2006, “NUCLEAR ENERGY AND PROLIFERATION: PROBLEMS, OBSERVATIONS, AND PROPOSALS,” Boston University Journal of Science and Technology Law, Winter)

“These cases illustrate a unique aspect of the … focuses on. The next section discusses how the technology creates those risks.”

= FAMILY PLANNING AFF =

Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its family planning assistance to nongovernmental organizations within topically designated countries regardless of their compliance with the requirements established by the Mexico City Policy. CONTENTION ONE: HUMAN RIGHTS SUBPOINT A: REPRODUCTIVE IMPERIALISM THE GLOBAL GAG RULE IS IMPERIALISM THAT HOLD AS HOSTAGES IMPOVERISHED WOMEN AROUND THE WORLD Neacsu 02 [Dana, reference librarian at the Arthur W. Diamond Law Library of the Columbia University Law School and a New York attorney, Law Review of Michigan State University - Detroit College of Law, "Imposing Sexual Restraint Abroad," Winter 2002, lexis] “The reinstatement of the Mexico … the extent can only be guessed until it is too late. 68” INCREASING ASSISTANCE IS VITAL TO U.S. HUMAN RIGHTS LEADERSHIP – WITHOUT FUNDING, ANY U.S. COMMITMENT TO REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS WILL BE HOLLOW AND WILL VIOLATE INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS. INCREASING UNDING WILL SIGNAL A RENEWED COMMITMENTENT TO HUMAN RIGHTS GLOBALLY AND BOLSTER NGOS EFFORTS TO EMPOWER WOMEN Upreti 03 [legal adviser for Center for Reproductive Rights’ International Legal Program, Harlan Fiske Stone Scholar for academic excellence – 2k3 ( Melissa, Women’s Rights Law Reporter, Rutgers, “The impact of the “Global Gag Rule” on Women’s Reproductive Health Worldwide,” Fall 2003, Lexis) “For example, the United States Agency for International Development … injustices of such policies.” SUBPOINT B: NGO LINKAGES THE PLAN IS NECESSARY TO THE ENTIRETY OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS MOVEMENT – THE GAG RULE CHILLS ALLIANCES BETWEEN NGOS WHICH IS NECESSARY TO THE PROMOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS Neier, 2001 [Aryah, President of the Open Society Institute and founder of Human Rights Watch, Testimony before the Committee on Foreign Relations, July 19, http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_senate_hearings&docid=f:75604.wais] “My testimony addresses the central advocacy role … important political issues, these extraterritorial associations and communications must be afforded the highest protection.” CURTAILING FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION MAKES ALL FORMS OF WAR AND GENOCIDE POSSIBLE. A ROBUST NETWORK OF NGOS COMMITTED TO HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION IS THE ONLY HEDGE AGAINST INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT D’Souza, 96 Executive Director of Article 19, International Centre Against Censorship (Frances, “Freedom of Expression: The First Freedom?”, Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Security and Defence Policy   Subcommittee on Human Rights, European Parliament, 4/25, [|http://www.europarl.europa.eu/hearings/19960425/droi/freedom_en.htm)] “In the absence of freedom of expression … which continue to occur could have been prevented.” GENOCIDE OUTWEIGHS OMNICIDE Lang, 90. Professor of Humanities at Trinity College. “When the push of a single button can produce … acting both collectively and individually.” WAR IN AFRICA WILL RESULT IN INTERVENTION AND NUCLEAR WAR Deutsch 2002. Jeffrey, Political Risk consultant and Ph. D in Ecnomics, The Rabid Tiger Newsletter, Vol 2, No 9, Nov 18, [|http://list.webengr].com/pipermail/picoipo/2002-Novermber/000208.html “The Rabid Tiger Project believes… people love to go fishing.” CONTENTION TWO: AIDS THE GAG RULE PREVENTS HEALTH SERVICES TO THE MOST VULNERABLE POPULATIONS – OVERTURNING IT IS NECESSARY TO PROVIDE INTEGRATED HEALTH SERVICES The Lancet, 14 March 2003. (“‘Pro-life’ policy threatens US HIV/AIDS initiative,” Sciencedirect.com) “But, if implemented, the policy will … homes, families, and communities—is cruel.” HIV INFECTIONS CONTINUE TO RISE—ONLY CONDOMS CAN PREVENT THIS INCREASE AND NO OTHER METHOD CAN SUCCEED WITHOUT THEM WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 2K4 (WHO and UNAIDS, Position Statement On Condoms and HIV Prevention, July 2004, [|http://www.hivpolicy.org/Library/HPP000102.pdf)] “Condom use is a critical element … sustained control of the epidemic.” 200 MILLION WILL BE LIVING WITH HIV BY 2020 – THIS REDUCES THE OVERALL IMMUNITY OF THE HUMAN SPECIES AND INCREASES THE RISK OF PANDEMICS FROM RE-EMERGING, NEW, AND CURRENT DISEASES. Newsday 5-31-2001 ([|http://www.aegis.com/news/NEWSDAY/2001/ND010505.html)] “ Today, with the AIDS epidemic … popping out of our DNA to cause disease.” THE IMPACT OUTWEIGHS ALL DISADVANTAGES – EMERGING DISEASES ARE THE GREATEST THREAT TO HUMAN SURVIVAL. Zimmerman and Zimmerman 1996. (Barry and David, both have M.S. degrees from Long Island University, __Killer Germs__ p132) WE DO NOT ENDORSE GENDERED LANGUAGE “ Then came AIDS… dominance on the planet is the virus.”

CONTENTION THREE: SOLVENCY US LEADERSHIP IS ESSENTIAL TO COMBATING THE AIDS EPIDEMIC – WE ARE THE COUNTRY THAT CONTROLS THE TECHNOLOGY, RESOURCES, AND KNOWLEDGE TO SOLVE ZEITZ, CO-DIRECTOR OF GLOBAL AIDS ALLIANCE, 2001 [Dr. Paul S., “Recommendations on the US Role in the Global Fight on HIV/AIDS”, TESTIMONY BEFORE THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, June 07, online] “Since the beginning of the… strengthening the attractiveness of new markets.” USAID HAS DECADES OF EXPERIENCE IN CREATING CULTURALLY SENSITIVE STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE FAMILY PLANNING—NO OTHER DONOR HAS THEIR EXPERIENCE. SHEPARD ET AL 2K3 - Professor, Schneider lnstitute for Health Policy at Brandeis University (Donald, June 2003, Studies in Family Planning, Volume 34.2, “Cost-effectiveness of USAID’s Regional Program for Family Planning in West Africa.”) “The regionalization strategy featured a forced … may have focused management and ensured consistent messages USAID IS THE ONLY ACTOR WITH THE TECHNICAL CAPABILITY AND FIELD PRESENCE TO ENSURE SUCCESSFUL FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS – DECADES OF EXPERIENCE PROVE. Population Action International, 3/8/1998. “Paying their Fair Share – Donor Countries and International Population Assistance,” http://www.populationaction.org/Publications/Reports/Payingtheirfairshare/Unitedstaets.shtml.

= GAG RULE AFF =

Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its family planning assistance to nongovernmental organizations within topically designated countries regardless of their compliance with the requirements established by the Mexico City Policy.

CONTENTION ONE: HUMAN RIGHTS

THE GLOBAL GAG RULE IS IMPERIALISM THAT HOLD AS HOSTAGES IMPOVERISHED WOMEN AROUND THE WORLD Neacsu 02 [Dana, reference librarian at the Arthur W. Diamond Law Library of the Columbia University Law School and a New York attorney, Law Review of Michigan State University - Detroit College of Law, "Imposing Sexual Restraint Abroad," Winter 2002, lexis] “The reinstatement of the Mexico … the extent can only be guessed until it is too late. 68”

THIS REFUSAL TO FUND ADEQUATE HEALTH CARE IS RENDERING ENTIRE POPULATIONS DISPOSABLE THAT CAN BE DESTROYED AT THE WHIMS OF THE STATE HERNANDEZ-TRUYOL 2k6 [Berta, professor of law @ University of Florida, “On Disposable People and Human Well-Being”, UC DAVIS JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND POLICY, Fall, lexis] "Moreover, although a treatment may be palliative...well-being in the health paradigm."

INCREASING ASSISTANCE IS VITAL TO U.S. HUMAN RIGHTS LEADERSHIP Upreti 03 [legal adviser for Center for Reproductive Rights’ International Legal Program, Harlan Fiske Stone Scholar for academic excellence – 2k3 ( Melissa, Women’s Rights Law Reporter, Rutgers, “The impact of the “Global Gag Rule” on Women’s Reproductive Health Worldwide,” Fall 2003, Lexis) “For example, the United States Agency for International Development … injustices of such policies.”

FAMILY PLANNING STRATEGIES VOID OF HUMAN RIGHTS IS EASILY COOPTED BY EXTREMIST POPULATION CONTROL IDEOLOGY – SETS US ON A PATH to eugenics SPAHN 1997 [Elizabeth, professor of law @ New England School of Law, ENVIRONMENTAL LAW, 12/22, [|http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Feeling+grounded:+a+gendered+view+of+population+control.(Symposium+on...-a020526962]] "As those of us who have been through the joys ...the much needed son is produced.(41)"

THE PLAN IS NECESSARY TO THE ENTIRETY OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS MOVEMENT – THE GAG RULE CHILLS ALLIANCES BETWEEN NGOS WHICH IS NECESSARY TO THE PROMOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS Neier, 2001 [Aryah, President of the Open Society Institute and founder of Human Rights Watch, Testimony before the Committee on Foreign Relations, July 19, http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_senate_hearings&docid=f:75604.wais] “My testimony addresses the central advocacy role … important political issues, these extraterritorial associations and communications must be afforded the highest protection.”

CURTAILING FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION MAKES ALL FORMS OF WAR AND GENOCIDE POSSIBLE. A ROBUST NETWORK OF NGOS COMMITTED TO HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION IS THE ONLY HEDGE AGAINST INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT D’Souza, 96 Executive Director of Article 19, International Centre Against Censorship (Frances, “Freedom of Expression: The First Freedom?”, Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Security and Defence Policy  Subcommittee on Human Rights, European Parliament, 4/25, [|http://www.europarl.europa.eu/hearings/19960425/droi/freedom_en.htm)] “In the absence of freedom of expression … which continue to occur could have been prevented.”

GENOCIDE OUTWEIGHS OMNICIDE Lang, 90. Professor of Humanities at Trinity College. “When the push of a single button can produce … acting both collectively and individually.”

WAR IN AFRICA WILL RESULT IN INTERVENTION AND NUCLEAR WAR Deutsch 2002. Jeffrey, Political Risk consultant and Ph. D in Ecnomics, The Rabid Tiger Newsletter, Vol 2, No 9, Nov 18, [|http://list.webengr].com/pipermail/picoipo/2002-Novermber/000208.html “The Rabid Tiger Project believes… people love to go fishing.”

CONTENTION TWO: AIDS THE GAG RULE PREVENTS HEALTH SERVICES TO THE MOST VULNERABLE POPULATIONS – OVERTURNING IT IS NECESSARY TO PROVIDE INTEGRATED HEALTH SERVICES The Lancet, 14 March 2003. (“‘Pro-life’ policy threatens US HIV/AIDS initiative,” Sciencedirect.com) “But, if implemented, the policy will … homes, families, and communities—is cruel.”

HIV INFECTIONS CONTINUE TO RISE—ONLY CONDOMS CAN PREVENT THIS INCREASE AND NO OTHER METHOD CAN SUCCEED WITHOUT THEM WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 2K4 (WHO and UNAIDS, Position Statement On Condoms and HIV Prevention, July 2004, [|http://www.hivpolicy.org/Library/HPP000102.pdf)] “Condom use is a critical element … sustained control of the epidemic.”

200 MILLION WILL BE LIVING WITH HIV BY 2020 – THIS REDUCES THE OVERALL IMMUNITY OF THE HUMAN SPECIES AND INCREASES THE RISK OF PANDEMICS FROM RE-EMERGING, NEW, AND CURRENT DISEASES. Newsday 5-31-2001 ([|http://www.aegis.com/news/NEWSDAY/2001/ND010505.html)] “ Today, with the AIDS epidemic … popping out of our DNA to cause disease.”

THE IMPACT OUTWEIGHS ALL DISADVANTAGES – EMERGING DISEASES ARE THE GREATEST THREAT TO HUMAN SURVIVAL. Zimmerman and Zimmerman 1996. (Barry and David, both have M.S. degrees from Long Island University, __Killer Germs__ p132) WE DO NOT ENDORSE GENDERED LANGUAGE “ Then came AIDS… dominance on the planet is the virus.”

AND, AFRICAN AIDS WILL SPREAD GLOBALLY CAUSING HUMAN EXTINCTION Muchiri 2k (Michael Kibaara, Staff Member at Ministry of Education in Nairobi,“Will Annan finally put out Africa’s fires?” Jakarta Post, March 6, ln) GENDER MODIFIED "The executive director of UNAIDS, Peter Piot, ...__and maybe the human race."__

CONTENTION THREE: SOLVENCY US LEADERSHIP IS ESSENTIAL TO COMBATING THE AIDS EPIDEMIC – WE ARE THE COUNTRY THAT CONTROLS THE TECHNOLOGY, RESOURCES, AND KNOWLEDGE TO SOLVE ZEITZ, CO-DIRECTOR OF GLOBAL AIDS ALLIANCE, 2001 [Dr. Paul S., “Recommendations on the US Role in the Global Fight on HIV/AIDS”, TESTIMONY BEFORE THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, June 07, online] “Since the beginning of the… strengthening the attractiveness of new markets.”

USAID HAS DECADES OF EXPERIENCE IN CREATING CULTURALLY SENSITIVE STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE FAMILY PLANNING—NO OTHER DONOR HAS THEIR EXPERIENCE. SHEPARD ET AL 2K3 - Professor, Schneider lnstitute for Health Policy at Brandeis University (Donald, June 2003, Studies in Family Planning, Volume 34.2, “Cost-effectiveness of USAID’s Regional Program for Family Planning in West Africa.”) “The regionalization strategy featured a forced … may have focused management and ensured consistent messages."

USAID IS THE ONLY ACTOR WITH THE TECHNICAL CAPABILITY AND FIELD PRESENCE TO ENSURE SUCCESSFUL FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS – DECADES OF EXPERIENCE PROVE. Population Action International, 3/8/1998. “Paying their Fair Share – Donor Countries and International Population Assistance,” http://www.populationaction.org/Publications/Reports/Payingtheirfairshare/Unitedstaets.shtml. "The technical capacity of the U.S. international population...broaden USAID's technical capacity."

AFRICAN GOVERNMENTS MODEL U.S. ACTION - ONLY BY CHANGING THE GOVERNMENTS CAN YOU SOLVE SAI 04 (Frederick, "intrnational Commitments and Guidance on Unsafe Abortion," African Journal of Reproductive Health, Vol. 8, No. 1, April, pp. 15-28, database: bioline international) "Finally, we must take into consideration...and Population Action International."

DETERRENCE SOLVES WAR VAN CREVELD 93 (Martin, __Nuclear Proliferation and the Future of Conflict__) "In practice, the leaders of medium and...to a lessening of tensions."

NUKE WAR DOESN'T CAUSE EXTINCTION MARTIN 1984 (Dr Brian Martin) "The latest stimulus for doomsday beliefs...remains speculative at present."

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