New+Trier+GH+-+Ross+Gordon+&+Irvin+Ho+neg

New Trier (All Teams) – Negative

CSA politics read at NU Juniors RR:

==Uniqueness and Impact – The Climate Security Act has momentum and bipartisan support – it's critical to slow warming and stop it in the long term without which would cause extinction and this Act doesn't link to standard econ DAs== (Washington – December 5, 2007) __Environmental Defense today applauded the Senate__ Environment and Public Works __Committee's historic approval of bipartisan climate change legislation __. "__This bill __ hits all the
 * Environmental Defense ** 12/5/**07 ** [|http://www.environmentaldefense .org/content.cfm?contentID=7404]

Bipartisan support for climate legislation is strong – but break-downs will block the bill
Alex **Kaplun **, 11/29/20**06 **, Greenwire, p. lexis __ Environmental groups scored major victories ____ in the midterm elections that swept Democrats into power __ on Capitol Hill and swept out some of the groups' Republican foes. Now, __environmentalists preparing for what

__

bipart spills over
William **Cohen **, counselor at CSIS, former secretary of defense, Spring, 20**01 **, Washington Quarterly, p. lexis Finally, __a more bipartisan approach ____ to the formulation of national__ security __policy __ specifically __can only

__

Impact – Reducing CO2 emissions prevents global warming that risks extinction
David **Battisti **, professor of atmospheric sciences at the University of Washington, 5/15/20**06 **, Brief of Amici curiae, p. [|http://docet.medill.northwester n.edu/archives/Mass-v-EPAAmicus Scientists.pdf] 4. It is virtually certain that what has been observed so far is only the beginning, and that __continued__

Nine days after his announcement, __<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Bush received a **stern** letter from the fifteen-nation <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">E __uropean __<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">U __nion
 * <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Gelbspan **, Pulitzer Prize winner author, [__Boiling Point]__ **<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">2004 ** pg. 94-95

** U.S. ** **- Europe relations key to win 'war on terror' and prevent counterbalancing**
Some, of course, would argue that it does not matter whether the Germanys of this world -- and their $28 China Relations A) Uniqueness- Despite trade and currency issues, US-China relations are high now South China Morning Post, July 4, 2007, p. Lexis The issue of air pollution was touched upon B) The Link- 1) China perceives US aid to Africa as an attempt to cut off raw materials and contain their peaceful rise Thompson - Asst. Chair of China Studies @ CSIS and The Jamestown Foundation – 2004 (Drew, The Jamestown Foundation China Brief “Economic Growth and Soft Power: China’s Africa Strategy” 12/7/04 [|http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php)] But, as the U.S. and China seek to further 2) Perceived attempts at containment hurt US-China relations Fu Mengzi, Researcher at the China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, BBC Worldwide Monitoring, November 20, 2005, p. Lexis Over the past few years, China and the United States C) China relations are key to prevent war, proliferation, North Korean aggression, Taiwan war and war over the South China Sea The Straits Times (Singapore) in ‘97 (“Asean's ties with China, Japan and US”, August 15, L/N) However, the most important bilateral relations for
 * __Gordon__**, Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy Studies and Director of the Center on the United States and France at the Brookings Institution, **__03__** (Philip, //Foreign Affairs// Jan/Feb, "Bridging the Transatlantic Divide")

Sweden CP Sweden solves best – they have experience, influence, and empirical success in their African Aid programs Pierre Schori, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, 1998 [“Africa on the Move. Revitalising Swedish Policy towards Africa for the 21st Century,” Government Communication 1997/98:122, March 5, http://www.regeringen.se/content/1/c6/04/08/78/be107380.pdf]

Sweden’s historical inheritance in Africa has had

Consult NATO A. Text: The United States Federal Government should propose that it should [plan] to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization for binding consultation. The United States Federal Government should support its proposal during consultation. The United States Federal Government should abide by the results of this consultation. We’ll clarify. B. NATO Stability 1. NATO is in the midst of a transitional period, failure to consult genuinely before foreign policy decisions will undermine the alliance Gordon 04 (Philip, Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution,June 24th LETTER TO EUROPE, [|http://www.brookings.edu/views/articles/gordon/20040701.pdf)] DEAR FRIENDS. How did it come to this? 2. Consultation with NATO over African policy is key to redefine the alliance for survival in the 21st century – former commander James Jones agrees Ames 05 (Paul, Associated Press Writer, 12-17) “Top NATO commander urges growing role to confront terror threats in Africa, Associated Press Worldstream The United States and its NATO allies need to 3. Impact – NATO is key to solve European nuclear wars John S. Duffield, Assistance Professor of Government and Foreign Affairs at the University of Virginia, 1995 NATO’s Functions After the Cold War, Political Science Quarterly, JSTOR Initial analyses of NATO's future prospects overlooked

Neoliberalism CP A. Text – The United States federal government should stop quota payments International Monetary Fund. We’ll clarify. B. Solvency – The IMF is the catalyst of the neoliberal project – it is used to suck capital out of developing nations. The CP solves the case because it pulls the plug on neoliberalism on an international scale Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair in Communications at McMaster University, 2005 [“The Terror of Neoliberalism”, College Literature 32.1, muse] Abroad, neoliberal global policies have been used

Soft Power CPs A. Text – The United States federal government should accede to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. B. Solvency – The ICC will boost US Soft power critical to future American security and prosperity

Sewall and Kaysen, professor at political economy at MIT and program director of HR policy at Harvard, 2000 (Sarah and Carl, “The United States and the International Criminal Court: The choices ahead” [|http://www.amacad.org/projects/iccarticle.aspx)] The U.S. attitude toward the ICC is A. Text – The United States Supreme Court, should rule that extraordinary renditions violate international law. B. Solvency – The image of the US is damaged by secret abductions and detentions. The Houston Chronicle 2005 (“The Italian Job; CIA’s capture and secret transport of terrorist suspects into the hands of cruel regimes should end,” June 29, Lexis Nexis) The United States' war on al-Qaida requires extraordinary

Transformational Diplomacy A. Uniqueness- The U.S. is focusing on transformational diplomacy now but it requires an effective and efficient use of foreign assistance Fore 7/4/07 (Henrietta H., Nominee for Administrator United States Agency for International Development, “Confirmation Hearing Testimony of Henrietta H. Fore, Nominee for Administrator United States Agency for International Development: Before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee”, [|http://www.usaid.gov/press/speeches/2007/ty070724.html)] Since May 7, 2007, I have served as Acting Administrator B. Link- Cuts in existing health assistance are vital to the effectiveness of transformational diplomacy – increased spending will trade off with the efficiency of current programs and disrupt existing prioritization Tobias 3/28/07 (Randall L., US Director of Foreign Assistance and Administrator of USAID [|http://www.usaid.gov/press/speeches/2007/ty070328.html)] Based on the new country-driven process, we have prioritized resources C. Impacts- 1. Transformational Diplomacy is key to effective global democracy promotion Rummel 06 (R.J, professor of political science at the University of Hawaii, “The New Transformational Diplomacy,” Paraphrase of speech by Condoleeza Rice, [|http://freedomspeace.blogspot.com/2006/03/new-transformational-diplomacy.html)] I want to follow up my "Why foster Global Freedom" with 2. Democracy promotion prevents war and extinction Diamond, 95 (Larry, Senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, “Promoting Democracy in the 1990s”, December, [|http://wwics.si.edu/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/di/1.htm)] OTHER THREATS This hardly exhausts the lists of threats

Latin America Tradeoff A. Uniqueness- 1. The budget climate is tight and Congress will require zero-sum offsets of health and development spending Sessions 06 (Myra, analyst at the Centre for Global Development, Blog – “The PMI Turns One - How Will We Measure Success?”, Global Health Policy Blog, 7/6, [|http://blogs.cgdev.org/globalhealth/2006/07/the_pmi_turns_o.php)] In a July 1 editorial, the Lancet (free registration required) praised 2. US aid to Latin America is still strong Hindustan Times 07 (Indo-Asian News Service, “Bush to increase Latin American aid ahead of visit”, 3/6, factiva) Indo-Asian News Service Washington, March B. Link- Increasing aid to Africa trades-off with Latin American development assistance Menendez 2000 (Robert, US Senator, Testimony before HOUSE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE, Federal News Service, 6/28, lexis) I have proposed a Development Fund for C. Impacts- 1. Current USAID initiatives in Latin America make it critical to preventing deforestation in the Amazon Franco 04 (Adolfo, Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean, USAID, "Foreign Assistance Priorities for the Western Hemisphere," 3/2, [|http://www.ciponline.org/colombia/040302fran.htm)] Overall, USAID is programming its development 2. Amazon collapse risks extinction Takacs 1996 (David, teaches environmental humanities (history, ethics, justice, politics) in the Institute for Earth Systems Science and Policy at California State, “The Idea of Biodiversity: Philosophies of Paradise,” 1996, pg. 200-201) So biodiversity keeps the world running. It has value

Spending DA B. Links – 1. Stand-alone spending bills create a dangerous precedent that breaks down fiscal restraint Grams 95 (Rod, Senator, Congressional Press Releases 3/20)

As stand-alone legislation, particularly when 2. Deficit spending causes a breakdown in fiscal discipline that will crush the economy Copley News Service 03 (3/3) The spending discipline in Congress that C. Impact – 1. Fiscal discipline is key to the economy Maas 06 (Jim, member of the executive committee of the Libertarian Party of Wisconsin. Wausau Daily Herald. March 24,. Pg. 10A "Bipartisan spending is the real emergency") There is a real emergency in Washington 2. Economic collapse causes extinction Bearden 2000 (T.T, Director, Association of Distinguished American Scientists, [|http://www.seaspower.com/EnergyCrisis-Bearden.htm)] History bears out that desperate nations

Africa Reps K THE AMERICAN RELATIONSHIP TO AFRICA IS DEFINED BY IMAGES. SATURATED BY REPRESENTATIONS OF CONFLICT, DISEASE, AND THE PERMANENT AFLICTION OF CATASTROPHE AND CHAOS, POLICYMAKERS CAN’T HELP BUT SOLIDIFY THE DEHUMANIZING FRAME FOR INTERVENTION THESE IMAGES DEMAND WALLACE, PHD STUDENT – ANTHROPOLOGY – OXFORD, 5 [JAMIE, “AMERICAN PERCEPTIONS OF AFRICA BASED ON MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS”, http://www.hollerafrica.com/showArticle.php?artId=101&catId=1] When we think of Africa, images of famine, poverty THE ATTACHMENT TO IMAGES OF AFRICAN CATASTROPHE CASTIGATES AFRICANS TO A PERMANENT GLOBAL UNDERCLASS. DEFINED AS HARBINGERS OF THEIR EVER-PRESENT DEMISE, AFRICANS BECOME THE OBJECTS OF A GENOCIDAL PROCESS OF DEHUMANIZATION THAT’S GROUNDED HISTORY’S MOST EXTREME ATROCITIES. SANKORE, EDITOR – INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF JOURNALISTS – AFRICA AND COORDINATOR – FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND ASSOCIATED RIGHTS IN AFRICA, 5 [ROTIMI, “The Pitfalls and Consequences of Development 'Pornography'”, http://www.bond.org.uk/networker/2005/april05/opinion.htm] Increasingly graphic depictions of poverty projected Our alternative is to reject the affirmatives representations of Africa as a continent in the state of permeate catastrophe in need of a savior. This dismisses existing discourses and reassesses the west’s ability to simply assert the metaphore of darkness on an entire continent while opening space for more positive representations of Africa Oguibe, Olu. PhD in Art History from University of London, March 2003. [Exoticism, African Societies, Volume 4.] africansocieties.org To reject the exoticization of Africa is to destroy

Malthus DA A. Uniqueness – Population is in check globally, only Africa is overpopulated. Northern Territory News (Australia), July 21, 2005. “World population growth slowing.” Lexis.

World population growth is slowing because of B. Links – 1. US assistance empirically creates rising expectations of prosperity in African states---this attitude is at the root of overpopulation Abernethy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1993 ([|http://www.carryingcapacity.org/va2.html)]

Between the end of World War II and 1970 fertility 2. Population momentum will ensure continued growth – only death can save SSA Thomas J Coliber, Ph.D in history from Kent State University, is a senior fellow with The Futures Group International, [Population Bulletin – Population and reproductive health in sub-Saharan Africa] 1997

These high birth rates have kept the countries C. Impacts – 1. Overpopulation leads to ecosystem collapse and extinction Edward Otten, Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics at the University of Cincinnati, 2000-2001, http://www.ecology.org/biod/population/human_pop1.html

The exponential growth of the human population 2. The impact is linear – Each death now saves ten in the crunch Paul Ehrlich, PhD Univ. Of Kansas, biologist at Stanford, June 16, 1979 NEW YORK TIMES MAGAZINE, p. 31

Sooner or later population would completely 3. Moral obligation to future generations Bayless, Philosopher, [Morality and Population Policy] 1980

Moral principles are taken to be those which reasonable 4. In carrying capacity risk assessment always assume the worst – err on the worst of caution Costonza 1991, prof at U of Maryland, [Calypso Log] pg. 22

Given all this, what can be said about the

Malthus vs. Family Planning 1. Turn – US assistance empirically creates rising expectations of prosperity in African states---this attitude is at the root of overpopulation Abernethy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1993 ([|http://www.carryingcapacity.org/va2.html)]

Between the end of World War II and 1970 fertility 2. Turn – Population momentum will ensure the plan causes continued growth – only death can save SSA Thomas J Coliber, Ph.D in history from Kent State University, is a senior fellow with The Futures Group International, [Population Bulletin – Population and reproductive health in sub-Saharan Africa] 1997

These high birth rates have kept the countries 3. Turn – Coercion – A. Reproductive rights undermine the ability for a state to coerce its population Kates – professor of Philosophy at Ithaca College – 2004 [Carol, Reproductive Liberty And Overpopulation, Reproductive Liberty, Environmental Values 13:1]

A “human rights” approach to reproduction would B. The impact is extinction – coercive policies are key Kates – professor of Philosophy at Ithaca College – 2004 [Carol, Reproductive Liberty And Overpopulation, Reproductive Liberty, Environmental Values 13:1]

In sum, population reduction appears to be necessary 4. No risk of offense – the aff cannot reduce fertility rates – economic, cultural, and agriculture situation in SSA is unique Thomas J Coliber, Ph.D in history from Kent State University, is a senior fellow with The Futures Group International, [Population Bulletin – Population and reproductive health in sub-Saharan Africa] 1997

Why has fertility remained so high in 5. No offense – motivation is the only factor that explains fertility rates---all other indicators, including family planning, don’t change individual behaviors Abernethy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1994 (The Atlantic Monthly 274.6)

Overpopulation afflicts most countries but remains 6. Empirically mortality has a larger impact on population growth than fertility KIMBALL 2006 [John, professor of biology @ Tufts, “Human Population Growth”, http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Populations.html]

Birth rate (b) − death rate (d) = rate of natural 7. Decreasing fertility does not prevent population growth GUNTHER FISCHER and GERHARD K. HEILIG, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, [The Royal Society] 1997 http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1691987&blobtype=pdf

World population will grow significantly in spite

Farm Bill Politics Bipartisan efforts ensure an override of Bush's farm bill veto. Allbritton 12/17/07 (Jay, "Senate Passes Huge Farm Bill", http://news.aol.com/political-machine/2007/12/17/senate-passes-huge-farm-bill/ On Friday, the Senate approved a $286 billion farm bill...an overwhelming majority."

Bipartisanship's key to override the veto and dissolve deadlock AND issues spill over Newsday 7 (If Democrats bend a little, they'll gain a lot, 10/07/2007, http://www.newsday.com/news/opinion/ny-opsch075404191oct07,0,7652706.story In Washington, both Democrats...appears willing to stomach.

Farm bill's essential to offset economic devastation and the global food supply – delays risk destroying it's benefits Coynyn 12/26/07—serves on the armed services, judiciary and budget committees. In addition, he is vice chairman of the Senate Select Committee on Ethics. He serves as the top republican on the judiciary committee's immigration, border security and refugees subcommittee and the armed services committee's airland subcommittee., 26.DEC.07—("Continuing agriculture policies that work", U.S. Sen. John Cornyn, http://www.wilsoncountynews.com/default.asp?sourceid=&smenu=59&twindow= Default&mad=Yes&sdetail=17471&wpage=&skeyword=&sidate=&ccat=&ccatm=&restate=&restatus=&reoption=&retype=&repmin=&repmax=&rebed=&rebath=&subname=&pform=&sc=1000&hn=wilsoncountynews&he=.com Five years ago, when commodity ...of our farmers and ranchers.

Bearden