Chattahoochee+LF+-+Mike+Lacy+&+Matt+Foretich+aff

ROUND 7 NEW AFF

I’m not sure when exactly during the 1ac they read the plan text, if that matters, but here it is: Plan text: The United States federal government should substantially increase its assistance for the prevention and treatment of diseases to topically designated locations by removing the conditions on democratic reforms that prevent assistance for the prevention and treatment of diseases from going to topically designated locations.

Contention 1: Inherency [read aid increasing] The 08 budget’s plan solves al lproblems with USAID assistance and is the bomb – meeting funding targets is the only question Fore 8 (Admin of USAID, Henrietta, March 4, FY 09 budget hearing, Testimony before the subcommittee on State, Foreign operations, and Related Programs of the Senate Appropriates Committee “Under President Bush and with the full support of Congress..in African countries.”

However, huge amounts of aid will fail to materialize b/c of conditions Imponei, 7 ghana now staff writer, mark 12/8, “MCC budget cut—how would that affect Ghana?, modernghana.com/GhanaHome/NewsArchive/news_details.asp?id=VFZSUk5VNUVhM2c9&menu_id=1&sub_menu_id=0%25%3E “The Millennium…lost to corruption.”

New aid packages have even more conditions than even previous ones based on indicators of democracy Marketplace, 8 (Gretchen Wilson is a SA journalist specializing in foreign aid to Africa, 2/18, “Africa’s piece of U.S. aid” marketplace.publicradio.org/display/web/2008/02/18/us_africa_aid/ “Doug Krizner..of aid?”

Contention 2: The Birth Pangs of Democracy Adv 1: Conditionality is Counterproductive Any short term benefits of conditions are coupled with backslides --- they are empirically and theoretically counterproductive at democracy consolidation Brown 5 (prof of polysci @ u of Ontario, Stephen, June, “Foreign Aid and Democracy Promotion: Lessons from Africa,” The European Journal of Development Research, vol. 17, no. 2 “Political conditionality is not as easy…agenda becomes broader [Brown, 2000].”

Conditions are leveraged as a tool to retain stability and favorable economic growth at the expense of long-term progressive change. Plus, they’re used as an excuse to fund militarily cooperative regimes over young democracies Brown, 5 cite above “Moreover, donors..whatever its form.”

This causes backlashes that strengthen hard-line factors in African nations and destabilizes their economies Smith, 2004, M. Shane, April, “Incentives,” [|www.beyondintractability.org/essay/incentives] “Conditionality is often resented..and democratization.” African Instability and conflict risks nuclear war Deutsch, 2 (I doubt anyone needs the cite to this)

Pushing speedy democratic transitions via institutional reform guarantees backslides that are worse than transition wars Brown 5 (prof of polysci @ u of Ontario, Stephen, June, “Foreign Aid and Democracy Promotion: Lessons from Africa,” The European Journal of Development Research, vol. 17, no. 2 “The conclusion that….17”

Backslides intensify ethnic conflicts and increase the likelihood of international wars Epstein et al 07, specialist in fp, susan, nina serafino, francis T. Miko, 12/26, “Democracy Promotion: Cornerstone of U.S. Foreign policy?” Foreign Affairs, Defense and Trade Division “Another concern…or a weak military. 30” Aid conditionality has a negative impact on public health and social conditions that cripple civil society Brown 5 (prof of polysci @ u of Ontario, Stephen, June, “Foreign Aid and Democracy Promotion: Lessons from Africa,” The European Journal of Development Research, vol. 17, no. 2 “A major problem..to democratization.”

Healthy grassroots participants are the backbone of democracy and vital to consolidation Epstein et al 07, specialist in fp, susan, nina serafino, francis T. Miko, 12/26, “Democracy Promotion: Cornerstone of U.S. Foreign policy?” Foreign Affairs, Defense and Trade Division “The other means..its own problems.” Authoritarian governments kill millions --- they have historically killed more than all wars in the 20th century combined Rummel 5 prof of polysci @ u of Hawaii “Never again: ending war, democide, & Fmaine through democratic Freedom” [|www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/NA SUPPLEMENT.PDF] “Those who have been…such gargantuan crimes.”

Democracy prevents these problems in Africa Siegle 06 (senior advisor for demo gov @ Development Alternatives, Inc., Joseph, “Democratic Divergence in Africa: Lessons and Implications for AID” dai.com/pdf/African_Democracy_and_Aid.pdf “African democracies…these tendencies.”

Advantage: int’l democratic credibility The global community and American populous are tired of the cost of aggressive edemo promo and can no longer perceive it as worth the cost Epstein et al 07, specialist in fp, susan, nina serafino, francis T. Miko, 12/26, “Democracy Promotion: Cornerstone of U.S. Foreign policy?” Foreign Affairs, Defense and Trade Division “According to some critics…as being too great.”

Conditions are perceived as self-interest and corrupt the image of foreign aid by tying it to demo promo Dobriansky and Carothers, 3 undersecretary of state for global affairsand VP @ Carnegie Endowment for Int’l Peace, Paula and Thomas, www.foreignaffairs.org/20030501faresponse11226/paula-j-dobriansky-thomas-carothers/democracy-promotion.html “Dobriansky’s insistence…pro-democracy policy.”

However, election time opens the door for a fresh start to our demo promo strat Carothers, 7 (qual was above, Thomas, “U.S. Democracy Promotion Before and After Bush,” [|www.carnegieendowment.org/files/democracy_promotion_after_bush_final.pdf] “Rebuilding the credibility of the United…democracy promotion domain.”

The plan’s concrete assistance and scaling back intrusive democratic pushes are vital tools to restore US cred Fukuyama and McFaul, 08, prof of int’l poly econ and director of int’l dev program @ john Hopkins advanced int’l studies, hoover senior fellow and director of centeron democracy, development, and rule of law @ Stanford, “Should Democracy Be Promoted or Demoted?” The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 31, No. 1, pg. 23-45 (//this card seems too short for that span of page numbers but that’s whats on the 1ac cite)// “In parallel, U.S. efforts…on different grounds”

The importance of domestic factors proves a hands-off policy is best for the spread of democracy Fukuyama and McFaul, 08, same cite as above “To argue that the United States…building liberal institutions.”

Multiple historical and statistical analyses prove that democracies don’t go to war Lynn-Jones, 98 (Co-editor of //International Security//, prof @ harvard’s school of gov, susan M. “Why the United States should Spread Democracy,” belfercenter.org/publications/2830/why_the_united_states_should_spread_democracy.html) “In addition to improving…(systemic) predictions.”

Improving the image of democracy is vital to preventing terrorist attacks on the homeland Diamond 2 (senior fellow @ hoover, larry, “Winning the New Cold war on terrorism” March, [|www.stanford.edu/~ldiamond/papers/coldWarOnTerrorism.pdf]) “This twisted logic is...war on terrorism.”

Finally, any terror attack will cause a US lashout that escalates to global nuclear conflict Corsi 5, PHD in Polysci from Harvard, Jerome, //Atomic Iran//, pg. 176-178 “The United States retaliates…exacting revenge.”

the $555 billion omnibus spending bill passed this week by the House and Senate......Simon act appropriation in the bill. The US Response to the African Water Crisis Tackling the constraints to the expansion of water.........a sector that has been sidelined for far too long. thus the plan - **The United States federal government should increase access to improved water sources in topically designated areas.** (we read terrorism/democracy + water wars as advantages) Like the cold war, the war on terror can't be won by military means alone........will be worthy of George Kennan's considerable legacy. Al Qaeda is a more dangerous enemy today than it has ever been before.........before al Qaeda strikes the U.S. homeland again. The extraordinary global challenges and opportunities of the 21st century.........humanitarian tradition and helps strengthen America's image abroad. Think of a baseball diamond. First base is life..............opportunities are primed for recruitment into terrorist cells. Failed states offer attractive venues for terrorist groups........to threaten vital American national interests. Experts have been warning for some time that weapons...............easily identifiable signatures for BW production. Of all the weapons of mass destruction, the geneticall engineered...........then patriotism is the highest of all crimes. The United States retaliates: 'End of the world' scenarios The combination...........while the country was still capable of exacting revenge. lyman 7-17 "Prepared Testimony Before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Subcommittee on African Affairs" Mr. Chairman, members of the Committee, thank you for asking me to testify......a more vigorous preventive effort. simon 06 http://www.state.gov/g/oes/rls/rpts/67447.htm Competition for scarce water resources....more stable, prosperous, and democratic societies....SIMON CONTINUES in Section 5 of the article......5. The USG Strategy for the Water and Sanitation Sector in Developing.....the Nile, the Okavango, and the Amu and Syr Darya. rummel 06 http://freedomspeace.blogspot.com/2006/03/why-foster-global-freedom.html Today, billions of human beings.........absolute power kills absolutely. The greatest impetus for world peace...........may be still more remote. csis 05 http://water.csis.org/050928_ogwf.pdf Taken together, all of these factors........Senegal, Tumen and Zambezi. dabelko 05 [|www.wilsoncenter.org/news/docs/testimonyHR1973.doc] Most of United States' water development aid is given to a handful.........program in the Middle East. As we scan the more distant time horizons..........political will to put a far-sighted strategy into place. Water can be a powerful and effective foreign policy.............campaign to elevate water as a foreign policy priority. Soft power is the ability to get what you want through attraction.............more effectively to explain our common interests. This is a good thing, and it should continue to be a primary goal.............and global involvement will provide an easier path. Second, in conflating these alternatives, Posen misses.............This requires activism, of a certain sort. Water is one of the prime essentials for life as we know....................which there will be no obvious answer. It is only fitting that on this thirteenth World Water Day...........a clear set of policy guidelines. Access to safe water and sanitation is as fundamental to life...............has been sidelined for far too long. Water-related illnesses claim the life of one child...........development or long-term security without it.
 * contention 1 - the status quo**
 * congress just passed a bill with 300 million for water assistance abroad.**
 * watertech 12-20** http://watertechonline.com/news.asp?N_ID=68840
 * however, funding is just a small problem with the Water for the poor Act - prioritizing and coordinating for Africa South of the Sahara is key.**
 * lochery 07** http://www.care.org/newsroom/articles/2007/05/lochery_water_testimony.pdf
 * advantage 1 - terrorism**
 * america's current military approach in the War on Terror is bound to fail - increased emphasis on foreign aid is crucial to transform American strategy and prevent terrorism.**
 * bremmer 05** http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/03/23/opinion/edbremmer.php
 * failure to change u.s. strategy makes an attack on American soil inevitable.**
 * riedel 07** "Al Qaeda Strikes Back" brookings institution
 * water assistance is a crucial form of foreign assistance that can help revitalize America's image and fight terrorism.**
 * albright and carlucci 07** "A 21st Century Vision of U.S. Global Leadership: Building a Better, Safer World"
 * independently, water assistance is key to prevent terrorism.**
 * morris 07** Testimony for the Committee on House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health, lexis
 * africa is a unique front in the war on terror - failure there ensures possession of wmds by extremist groups.**
 * dempsey 06** http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub649.pdf
 * this will take the form of a bioterror attack - the u.s. is vulnerable and bioweapons are easy to manufacture.**
 * stern 03** "Dreaded Risks and the Control of Biological Weapons" project muse
 * biological weapons use will cause extinction.**
 * ochs 02** http://freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.htm
 * any terror attack will cause a u.s. lashout that escalates to global nuclear conflict.**
 * corsi 05** "Atomic Iran" p176-178
 * advantage 1 - democracy**
 * democracy is spreading - africa is a vital spot for the support of democratic reforms -they are making changes already - u.s. support in the form of unconditioned unattached assistance is vital to success globally.**
 * providing water assistance is vital to establishing democracy - water management creates sustainability of governments, transparency in resource management, and regional and national coordination - all are vital to sustaining inevitable moves towards democratic norms.**
 * failure to move towards democracy sacrifices billions of lives. authoritarian regimes are history's number one killer - this outweighs every impact in the round.**
 * sustainable democratization of the world solves every impact. allowing states to backslide results in global nuclear war. all the haters are wrong.**
 * muravchik 01** [|www.npec-web.org/syllabi/muravchik.htm]
 * advantage 2 - water wars/hegemony**
 * water wars are the most likely form of conflict today - scarcity makes them inevitable.**
 * working together on water creates frameworks for conflict resolution in other areas, decreasing the likelihood of wars.**
 * u.s. action in africa south of the sahara is vital to a successful and sustainable u.s. foreign policy - it allows us to remain involved in a key issue and improve our image.**
 * peterson 07** "Below the Surface: U.S. International Water Policy"
 * u.s. action on water is crucial – it is the only nation that can effectively coordinate action and expertise. Focus on water issues is crucial to the effectiveness of U.S. foreign policy – all other efforts will fail absent water leadership.**
 * csis 05** "Addressing our Global Water Future"
 * improving the u.s. image solves all of the reasons leadership would be bad - and sustains all forms of power - failure to do so risks collapse.**
 * nye 04** Political Science Quarterly, Summer, ebsco
 * sustainable u.s. foreign policy prevents multiple scenarios for nuclear conflict - prefer it to all other alternatives.**
 * kagan 07** "End of Dreams, Return of History"
 * creating effective foreign policy solves balancing and interventionism.**
 * ikenberry 07** "The Case for Restraint: Comments and Respones"
 * water shortages in africa will spark a global nuclear escalation and human extinction.**
 * nasca 06** http://www.nasca.org.uk/Strange_relics_/water/water.html
 * contention 3 - solvency**
 * u.s. action is vital - we are the only ones who can lead on the issue of water. the Water for the Poor act was a first step - but funding and implementing are vital to eliminating the water crisis.**
 * keating 06** http://www.csis.org/component/option,com_csis_progj/task,view/id,573/
 * a commitment to public health assistance through a water policy to africa south of the sahara is vital to ending water scarcity. only u.s. action can solve for global prioritization, transparency, equity, coordination, capacity building, and sustainability.**
 * lochery 07** [|http://www.care.org/newsroom /articles/2007/05/lochery_water_testimony.pdf]
 * inability to access safe drinking water kills 5 million a year.**
 * hyde 05** "The Global Water Crisis: Evaluating U.S. Strategies to Enhance Access to Safe Water and Sanitation"